“…In this group, IT applications for modalities in differentiated mobility concepts are explored, such as in the case of the Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concept, which will be detailed more speci cally in this study in the section below. Additionally, studies are presented on demand-responsive public transportation, a way to enhance the quality of the conventional public transportation model [101][102][103][104][105][106][107], ride-sharing systems [108-112], micro-mobility [113], including electric scooters [114], scooters [115,116], and bicycles [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125], as well as car-sharing [126][127][128][129], taxis [130,131], cycle rickshaws [132], autonomous vehicles [133][134][135][136], and unmanned aerial vehicles [137].…”