Examining affective structure in chickens: valence, intensity, persistence and generalization measured using a Conditioned Place Preference Test

Paul, Elizabeth S.; Edgar, Joanne; Caplen, Gina; Nicol, CJ

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2018.07.007

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Furthermore, the birds may not have been able to localise the source of the negative stimulus, unlike the direct air puffs and water. Finally, birds might have failed to generalise the negative stimuli received during training [39]. We designed our procedure with the belief that the intended results would provide a clear indication of the animals' impression and preference, relative to a resource that was unambiguously attractive [31]-i.e., feed-as indicated by continuous feeding seen in birds exposed to medical air.…”

Section: Signs Of Aversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Poultry Stunning with Low Atmospheric Pressure, Carbon Dioxide or Nitrogen Using a Single Aversion Testing Paradigm

Gent

Gebhardt-Henrich

Schild

et al. 2020

Animals

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Low atmospheric pressure stunning (LAPS) has been suggested for use in poultry under 4 kg in the abattoir as a more humane alternative to carbon dioxide (CO2). However, there are currently no studies offering a direct comparison of the aversion between methods. Here, we trained adult female broiler breeders to relinquish a food reward by moving to another area of the gas chamber in response to aversive stimuli. They were then stunned and subsequently killed using single exposure to either CO2, N2, LAPS or medical air as a control. Birds exposed to CO2 relinquished the food reward the quickest and exhibited gasping and headshaking more than the other groups. LAPS resulted in the quickest time to loss of posture (LOP) and birds in the N2 group took the longest. Birds exposed to N2 displayed the longest duration of ataxia of any group; however, they did not show any wing-flapping prior to LOP, unlike the LAPS and CO2. Collectively these data demonstrate that both LAPS and N2 are less aversive to poultry than CO2 and may offer a significant welfare refinement for poultry killed for meat production.

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Section: Signs Of Aversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Poultry Stunning with Low Atmospheric Pressure, Carbon Dioxide or Nitrogen Using a Single Aversion Testing Paradigm

Gent

Gebhardt-Henrich

Schild

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…a food reward, or a painful stimulus) [ 15 ]. The CPP test has also been used for assessing conditioning effects of other stimuli relevant from an animal welfare perspective, such as access to a running wheel in rats [ 16 ] and aversive stimuli in chickens [ 17 ]. Chickens also develop a CPP in response to food [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection for reduced fear in red junglefowl changes brain composition and affects fear memory

Katajamaa

Jensen

2020

R. Soc. open sci.

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Brain size reduction is a common trait in domesticated species when compared to wild conspecifics. This reduction can happen through changes in individual brain regions as a response to selection on specific behaviours. We selected red junglefowl for 10 generations for diverging levels of fear towards humans and measured brain size and composition as well as habituation learning and conditioned place preference learning in young chicks. Brain size relative to body size as well as brainstem region size relative to whole brain size were significantly smaller in chicks selected for low fear of humans compared to chicks selected for high fear of humans. However, when including allometric effects in the model, these differences disappear but a tendency towards larger cerebra in low-fear chickens remains. Low-fear line chicks habituated more effectively to a fearful stimulus with prior experience of that same stimulus, whereas high-fear line chicks with previous experience of the stimulus had a response similar to naive chicks. The phenotypical changes are in line with previously described effects of domestication.

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“…The specific term of EI is not frequently used in the animal-based literature but studies do indicate the presence of EI when compared with the descriptions in the originally proposed EI framework (19). For example, conditioned place preference/avoidance tests suggest livestock animals are able to avoid/seek previous negative or positive emotional experiences (22)(23)(24) indicating self-regulation of emotional states. Pigs show evidence of emotional contagion where naïve animals will recognize and respond according to the positive or negative emotional state of conspecifics (25,26).…”

Section: Defining Cognition and Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on Strategic Enrichment for Brain Development: Is This the Key to Animal Happiness?

Campbell

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Livestock animals are sentient beings with cognitive and emotional capacities and their brain development, similar to humans and other animal species, is affected by their surrounding environmental conditions. Current intensive production systems, through the restrictions of safely managing large numbers of animals, may not facilitate optimal neurological development which can contribute to negative affective states, abnormal behaviors, and reduce experiences of positive welfare states. Enrichment provision is likely necessary to enable animals to reach toward their neurological potential, optimizing their cognitive capacity and emotional intelligence, improving their ability to cope with stressors as well as experience positive affect. However, greater understanding of the neurological impacts of specific types of enrichment strategies is needed to ensure enrichment programs are effectively improving the individual's welfare. Enrichment programs during animal development that target key neurological pathways that may be most utilized by the individual within specific types of housing or management situations is proposed to result in the greatest positive impacts on animal welfare. Research within livestock animals is needed in this regard to ensure future deployment of enrichment for livestock animals is widespread and effective in enhancing their neurological capacities.

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Examining affective structure in chickens: valence, intensity, persistence and generalization measured using a Conditioned Place Preference Test

Cited by 13 publications

References 73 publications

Evaluation of Poultry Stunning with Low Atmospheric Pressure, Carbon Dioxide or Nitrogen Using a Single Aversion Testing Paradigm

Evaluation of Poultry Stunning with Low Atmospheric Pressure, Carbon Dioxide or Nitrogen Using a Single Aversion Testing Paradigm

Selection for reduced fear in red junglefowl changes brain composition and affects fear memory

A Perspective on Strategic Enrichment for Brain Development: Is This the Key to Animal Happiness?

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