Examinationof Regional Impacts of Adaptation Policies and Sand Erosion Damage due to Climate Change

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Adaptation to Beach Loss Due to Climate Change in Japan

“…Table 7 shows the number of prefectures for which the cost-benefit ratio exceeds 1.0 in the adaptation scenarios using 215.96 and 182.76 USD/m 2 as the average cost per unit area. Although the number of cost-effective prefectures between Sao et al [11] and Sao et al [12] is significantly different, Sao et al [12] described that the difference between these studies resulted from the average adaptation cost per unit area. As described above, for the possibility that the average adaptation cost per unit area (215.96 USD/m 2 ) that Sao et al [12] assumed could be overestimated, we compared the effects of two adaptation costs.…”

“…We compare the results of beach loss damage costs attributable to climate change with those of earlier studies. As shown in Table 1, Ohno et al [10], Sakamoto and Nakajima [6], Nakajima and Sakamoto [7], and Sao et al [11] used the future projection of beach loss calculated by Mimura et al [8] and estimated the damage costs of sandy beach because of the sea level rise from 30 to 100 cm. These earlier studies estimated damage costs of the sea level rise as 247 to 832 (m.USD/year).…”

“…In Japan, although numerous studies such as those of Mimura et al [8] and Udo et al [9] have been made of the physical effects of sea level rise and the beach loss caused by climate change, little is known about the economic effects of beach loss and adaptation strategies against climate change. From Table 1, Ohno et al [10] and Sao et al [11] evaluated recreation values for a sandy beach in Japan using a travel cost method. The former used beach loss rates calculated by Mimura et al [8] and estimated the prefectural damage cost of a sandy beach.…”

“…Since both studies were based on a partial equilibrium approach, they were unable to treat effects on prices and income caused by changes in environmental quality attributable to climate change. On the other hand, Sakamoto and Nakajima [6], Nakajima and Sakamoto [7], and Sao et al [11] estimated beach loss damage costs attributable to climate change using a CGE model incorporating a utility function consistent with a recreation demand function in the travel cost method. However, since these studies used future projections by Mimura et al [8], their economic assessments of beach loss became outdated.…”

“…However, since these studies used future projections by Mimura et al [8], their economic assessments of beach loss became outdated. Although Sao et al [11] evaluated adaptation measures for beach loss, their CGE model in these studies had only three goods: Composite goods, gasoline, and an expressway used to visit a sandy beach for recreation. As one might expect, their model framework was quite unrealistic.…”