Examination of the Potential of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry for Rapid Nondestructive Field Measurement of Grass Biomass

Cooper, Sam; Roy, David P.; Schaaf, Crystal B.; Paynter, Ian

doi:10.3390/rs9060531

Cited by 93 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Where good images are obtained, there is a high correlation with herbage mass, but the correlation can be affected by atmospheric conditions such as high clouds and haze and therefore may not be consistent across recording dates. A terrestrial system using laser scanning and structure from motion (Cooper, Roy, Schaaf, & Paynter, 2017) successfully predicted above-ground biomass of grass plots in the United States (r 2 = .54) and outperformed a standard plate meter (r 2 = .42). A terrestrial system using laser scanning and structure from motion (Cooper, Roy, Schaaf, & Paynter, 2017) successfully predicted above-ground biomass of grass plots in the United States (r 2 = .54) and outperformed a standard plate meter (r 2 = .42).…”

Section: Grazing Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Wilkinson

Lee

Rivero

et al. 2019

Grass and Forage Science

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Grazing plays an important role in milk production in most regions of the world. In this review, some challenges to the grazing cow are discussed together with opportunities for future improvement. We focus on daily feed intake, efficiency of pasture utilization, output of milk per head, environmental impact of grazing and the nutritional quality to humans of milk produced from dairy cows in contrasting production systems. Challenges are discussed in the context of a trend towards increased size of individual herds and include limited and variable levels of daily herbage consumption, lower levels of milk output per cow, excessive excretion of nitrogenous compounds and requirements for minimal periods of grazing regardless of production system.A major challenge is to engage more farmers in making appropriate adjustments to their grazing management. In relation to product quality, the main challenge is to demonstrate enhanced nutritional/processing benefits of milk from grazed cows.Opportunities include more accurate diet formulations, supplementation of grazed pasture to match macro-and micronutrient supply with animal requirement and plant breeding. The application of robotics and artificial intelligence to pasture management will assist in matching daily supply to animal requirement. Wider consumer recognition of the perceived enhanced nutritional value of milk from grazed cows, together with greater appreciation of the animal health, welfare and behavioural benefits of grazing should contribute to the future sustainability of demand for milk from dairy cows on pasture. K E Y W O R D Sgrazed pasture, grazing management, herbage intake, milk production, milk quality, nitrogen use efficiency Highlights• Grazing plays a central role in the nutrition of dairy cows in many regions of the world.• Challenges to efficient management of grazed pastures include variable herbage supply and low herbage intake, which limit milk output per head.• Opportunities for improved efficiency include more accurate diet formulation, breeding superior plant cultivars to improve ruminal efficiency and enhance product nutritional quality, application of robotics, sensors and artificial intelligence to improve grazing management and pasture utilization, and wider consumer recognition of the perceived enhanced value of milk from grazed cows.TA B L E 1 Average size of dairy herd, average annual milk yield per cow and average annual output of milk per herd in New Zealand,

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Section: Grazing Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Wilkinson

Lee

Rivero

et al. 2019

Grass and Forage Science

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“…UAV equipped with a laser system can invert the vegetation information. For example, UAV-Lidar systems have been used to estimate the biomass of forest [40,41], crop [42], and grassland [43,44]. However, due to the high cost of acquiring LIDAR data, studies were mostly limited to small areas and have not been widely applied in large areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Grassland Canopy Height and Aboveground Biomass at the Quadrat Scale Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

et al. 2018

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Aboveground biomass is a key indicator of a grassland ecosystem. Accurate estimation from remote sensing is important for understanding the response of grasslands to climate change and disturbance at a large scale. However, the precision of remote sensing inversion is limited by a lack in the ground truth and scale mismatch with satellite data. In this study, we first tried to establish a grassland aboveground biomass estimation model at 1 m 2 quadrat scale by conducting synchronous experiments of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and field measurement in three different grassland ecosystems. Two flight modes (the new QUADRAT mode and the commonly used MOSAIC mode) were used to generate point clouds for further processing. Canopy height metrics of each quadrat were then calculated using the canopy height model (CHM). Correlation analysis showed that the mean of the canopy height model (CHM_mean) had a significant linear relationship with field height (R 2 = 0.90, root mean square error (RMSE) = 19.79 cm, rRMSE = 16.5%, p < 0.001) and a logarithmic relationship with field aboveground biomass (R 2 = 0.89, RMSE = 91.48 g/m 2 , rRMSE = 16.11%, p < 0.001). We concluded our study by conducting a preliminary application of estimation of the aboveground biomass at a plot scale by jointly using UAV and the constructed 1 m 2 quadrat scale estimation model. Our results confirmed that UAV could be used to collect large quantities of ground truths and bridge the scales between ground truth and remote sensing pixels, which were helpful in improving the accuracy of remote sensing inversion of grassland aboveground biomass.

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“…For instance, the models of Cooper et al. () produced an average cloud density of about 40,000 points per 0.5 × 0.5 m plot, corresponding to 160,000 points/m 2 , while models by Wallace et al. () reached about 195,000 points in circular plots with a radius of 0.15 m, corresponding to 690,000 points/m 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, wind disturbance during image acquisition process represents one of the major limitations in the application of SfMs to pasture communities, because point cloud reconstructions require widely overlapping images of non‐moving objects (Cooper et al. ). From a practical point of view, the equipment and procedure used in the present work were successful in overtaking this restriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surveying pasture communities in diachronic analyses by 3D models: the diachronic canopy variation model

et al. 2019

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Aboveground biomass (AGB) is a parameter commonly used for assessing and monitoring primary productivity of grassland communities. Destructive AGB measurements, although accurate, are time‐consuming and do not allow for repeated measurements as required by monitoring protocols. Structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry has been proved to be a reliable tool for rapid and not destructive AGB estimations in grass systems. Three‐dimensional (3D) models of fourteen 1 × 1 m2 pasture plots were reconstructed and AGB volume measured under several measurement settings. Volume‐based AGB measures were regressed to AGB values resulting from destructive methods to identify the measurement settings that show the best fit. Furthermore, 3D models of four mountain pasture plots were reconstructed in May, July, and August. Models relative to the same plot were aligned and their relative difference measured to produce a diachronic canopy variation model (DCVM). On the measured volume (Vd), the coefficient of density (cρ) was applied to adjust the volume values (Vadj) in relation to variation due to different DCVM point densities. The measurement setting for AGB volume estimations strongly influenced their correlation with traditional AGB scores. The best fit was obtained selecting 1 mm grid cell size and minimum point height distance. Such options were then selected to measure the DCVM. Adjusted volumes were fully correlated with the average point distance. Three plots revealed higher rates of AGB in the spring compared to summer season, as justified by the summer aridity constraints affecting vegetation productivity in Mediterranean areas. In one plot, we found an anomalous seasonal pattern, showing an AGB reduction in spring, which can be correlated with grazing, that promoted a subsequent increment in summer. Our study indicates that image‐based photogrammetric techniques allow for reliable non‐destructive measurements of surface biomass in diachronic analyses, offering a valuable tool for evaluating occurrence, magnitude, and spatial patterns of variations of community primary productivity over time. Diachronic canopy variation model produced congruent patterns of inter‐seasonal canopy variations proving to be a useful tool for analyzing local disturbance to vegetation canopy caused by grazing.

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Examination of the Potential of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry for Rapid Nondestructive Field Measurement of Grass Biomass

Cited by 93 publications

References 50 publications

Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures

Estimation of Grassland Canopy Height and Aboveground Biomass at the Quadrat Scale Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Surveying pasture communities in diachronic analyses by 3D models: the diachronic canopy variation model

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