Examination of Hurricane Sandy’s (2012) structure and intensity evolution
                        from full-field and anomaly-field analyses

Qian, Weihong; Huang, Jing; Du, Jun

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v68.29029

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Contributions from both tropical and baroclinic energy sources caused Sandy to reintensify as it approached the coastline (Galarneau et al 2013;Shin and Zhang 2017). The TC followed an atypical track northwestward toward the Northeast United States, rather than out to sea, fostered by interaction with an upstream trough (Barnes et al 2013;Qian et al 2016) of the type identified by Fujiwhara (1931), the practical predictability of which depended on the modeling system (Bassill 2014;Magnusson et al 2014;Torn et al 2015). Sandy tested existing infrastructure for hazard communication (NOAA 2013;Blake et al 2013) and posed challenges related to risk perception (Meyer et al 2014) due to its atypical track and forecast structure (Munsell and Zhang 2014) near landfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts

et al. 2017

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Extratropical transition (ET) is the process by which a tropical cyclone, upon encountering a baroclinic environment and reduced sea surface temperature at higher latitudes, transforms into an extratropical cyclone. This process is influenced by, and influences, phenomena from the tropics to the midlatitudes and from the meso- to the planetary scales to extents that vary between individual events. Motivated in part by recent high-impact and/or extensively observed events such as North Atlantic Hurricane Sandy in 2012 and western North Pacific Typhoon Sinlaku in 2008, this review details advances in understanding and predicting ET since the publication of an earlier review in 2003. Methods for diagnosing ET in reanalysis, observational, and model-forecast datasets are discussed. New climatologies for the eastern North Pacific and southwest Indian Oceans are presented alongside updates to western North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean climatologies. Advances in understanding and, in some cases, modeling the direct impacts of ET-related wind, waves, and precipitation are noted. Improved understanding of structural evolution throughout the transformation stage of ET fostered in large part by novel aircraft observations collected in several recent ET events is highlighted. Predictive skill for operational and numerical model ET-related forecasts is discussed along with environmental factors influencing posttransition cyclone structure and evolution. Operational ET forecast and analysis practices and challenges are detailed. In particular, some challenges of effective hazard communication for the evolving threats posed by a tropical cyclone during and after transition are introduced. This review concludes with recommendations for future work to further improve understanding, forecasts, and hazard communication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts

et al. 2017

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“…New material forms (new states of matter) have emerged at the center of tropical cyclones, such as strong downward and upward air flows as well as an unusually warm core [50]. The central warm core of hurricane Sandy (2012) reached 8˚C -10˚C higher than environmental temperature [51]. The center of the black hole is even less calm, where polar plasma jets appear in the two directions of shear stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the Spatial Structure of Black Hole and Tropical Cyclone Based on a Theoretical Analysis of Orthogonal Interaction

Qian¹

2023

JMP

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Black holes are recognized by Newton's gravitational theory and Einstein's general relativity, but there is still a lack of understanding the spatial structure of events, especially the nature of event horizon. In this paper, a theoretical analysis is used to compare the structures of tropical cyclone in the atmosphere and black hole in the astronomy so that five results are: 1) Both of them share the similar spatial structure, with tropical cyclone and black hole having the outflow cloud shield and the horizon sphere in the central part, respectively, while four spiral material bands exist in the rotating plane around them; 2) In theoretically, the energy density formed by the orthogonal interaction of the four spiral material bands is as 2 0 0

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“…Finally, the "Greenland block", a high-pressure area near Greenland, turned the hurricane towards the northwest coast of the United States [21]. This left turn was unusual [22] and the wind intensified due to a warm seclusion phase [23]. Its effects, such as moderate flooding and sand deposition [24] or soil contamination [25], were noticeable on the coast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Speed Analysis of Hurricane Sandy

et al. 2021

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The database of the HWind project sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for hurricanes between 1994 and 2013 is analysed. This is the first objective of the current research. Among these hurricanes, Hurricane Sandy was selected for a detailed study due to the number of files available and its social relevance, with this being the second objective of this study. Robust wind speed statistics showed a sharp increase in wind speed, around 6 m s−1 at the initial stage as Category 1, and a linear progression of its interquartile range, which increased at a rate of 0.54 m s−1 per day. Wind speed distributions were initially right-skewed. However, they evolved to nearly symmetrical or even left-skewed distributions. Robust kurtosis was similar to that of the Gaussian distribution. Due to the noticeable fraction of wind speed intermediate values, the Laplace distribution was used, its scale parameter increasing slightly during the hurricane’s lifecycle. The key features of the current study were the surface and recirculation factor calculation. The surface area with a category equal to, or higher than, a tropical storm was calculated and assumed to be circular. Its radius increased linearly up to 600 km. Finally, parcel trajectories were spirals in the lower atmosphere but loops in the mid-troposphere due to wind translation and rotation. The recirculation factor varied, reaching values close to 0.9 and revealing atmospheric stratification.

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Examination of Hurricane Sandy’s (2012) structure and intensity evolution from full-field and anomaly-field analyses

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts

The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts

Identifying the Spatial Structure of Black Hole and Tropical Cyclone Based on a Theoretical Analysis of Orthogonal Interaction

Wind Speed Analysis of Hurricane Sandy

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