Examination of Electric Field Effects on Tissues by Using Back Propagation Neural Network

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in spleen and testis tissues of guinea pigs which were exposed to different intensities and periods of DC (direct current) and AC (alternating current) electric fields. The experimental results are applied to neural networks as learning data and the training of the feed forward neural network is realized. At the end of this training; without applying electric field to the tissues, the determination of the effects of the electric field on tissues by using computer is predicted by the neural network. After the experiments, the prediction of the neural network is averagely 99%.

Biological effects of exposure to static electric fields in humans and vertebrates: a systematic review

“…Four more recent studies on rodents by some of the same investigators who proposed static EF effects on proteins also reported that exposure to static EF can induce oxidative stress in various organs [66, 67, 70, 71]. The authors of these studies did not discuss the potential mechanisms of action by which oxidative stress could be induced and it remains unclear how or why static EF could cause this response.…”

“…Neither were adverse health effects reported upon long-term exposure to a HVDC power line [35]. A great many of the animal studies reported effects on metabolic activity [49, 56, 60, 62, 68], collagen synthesis [59, 63–65], bone density [61], expression of oxidative stress markers [66, 67, 70, 71, 76], hematologic and immunologic blood parameters [41–43, 50, 69–72, 74–78], neurotransmitter concentrations [56], brain activity [58], litter number [52], genotoxicity [69, 79], and tumor regression [37]. However, the results regarding these parameters were not always consistent and partially contradictory.…”

“…5000 h (approx. 30 weeks) in total and their progenies 2000 h in totalperception/behavior:water consumption hematology/immunology:blood parametersreproduction/development:growth; fertility; number and weight of pupsorgan parameters:histomorphology of different organspartially less water consumption;some changes in blood parameters (e.g., lower level of ß-globulins in males and higher in females, lower level of hemoglobin and reduced number of lymphocytes in females); weight of pups higher in first and fourth week after birth; no effect on number of pups; no effect on organ histomorphologyGanskopp et al [45]see Angell et al 1990 [44]static EF of −3.3–24.7 kV/m under the positive conductor and −35.6–6.9 kV/m under the negative conductorperception/behavior:activity (nursing, drinking, walking, lying, standing); distribution in panelmore time was spent for nursing and drinking; fewer exposed than control cattle were observed in the central areas of pens but still most of the animals in the central areaexperimental field study; same animals as in Angell et al [44]Gray et al [37]female B6C3F1 mice implanted with murine mammary adenocarcinoma ( n  = 44, 11 mice per group)static EF of 450 kV/m; mice in restraining tubes while exposed for 4 h/day for 13 days; all mice received the chemotherapeutic agent adriamycintherapeutic approach:tumor developmentgreater tumor regressionalso static MF and switching EFGüler and Atalay [64]guinea pig ( n  = 40 in total; 3 groups: n  = 10 vertical static EF, n  = 10 horizontal static EF, n  = 20 control group)static EF of 1.9 kV/m for 9 h/day for 3 days (horizontal and vertical)organ parameters:hydroxyproline levels of liver, lungs and kidneyincreased hydroxyproline levels in liver, lungs and kidney; vertical EF more effective than horizontalfor liver, exactly the same values as in [65], possibly published twiceGüler et al [65]male guinea pig ( n  = 60, divided into 6 groups)static EF of 0.9 to 1.9 kV/m for 9 h/day for 3 days (vertical and horizontal)organ parameters:collagen synthesis (hydroxyproline level in the liver; histomorphological examination of liver slices)0.9 kV/m vertical and horizontal EF decreased the amount of hydroxyproline in the liver, while the 1.9 kV/m vertical and horizontal EF increased the amount of hydroxyprolinefor 1.9 kV/m exactly the same values as in [64] for liver, possibly published twiceGüler et al [66]male guinea pigs ( n  = 70 in total, 6 experimental groups and 1 control group with n  = 10 each)static EF of 0.3, 0.9, and 1.8 kV/m for 8 h/day for 3 days (vertical and horizontal)organ parameters:lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity in spleen and testis0.9 and 1.8 kV/m increased the lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activityGüler et al [67]male guinea pigs (280 an...…”

Protein oxidation under extremely low frequency electric field in guinea pigs. Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment

“…The overall pattern of E field experienced at any point thus depends on the distribution of charges and of objects in the vicinity. For this reason, scientists are curious about the possible effects of the E fields in vertical and horizontal direction particularly on the body weight, mortality and blood protein fraction (Marino et al 1976;1983) beside oxidative stress (Güler et al 2005Harakawa et al 2005) and collagen biosynthesis (Marino and Becker 1970;Ahmadian et al 2006).…”

Examination of static and 50 Hz electric field effects on tissues by using a hybrid genetic algorithm and neural network

“…These include antioxidant enzymes like SOD (Osman, 1986; Salo et al , 1990). SOD scavenges the superoxide radicals by catalyzing the reactive species into dioxygen and oxygen peroxide, thereby protecting cells against the reactive oxygen species produced by the electric field or other mechanisms (Güler et al , 1996, 2005). The effects of electric fields on antioxidant enzymes are found by determining the level of SOD in spleen and testis tissues.…”