Examination of Causes of Wetstacking in Diesel Engines

Yılmaz, Nadir; Donaldson, A.B.

doi:10.4271/2005-01-3138

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Thus, as reported and emphasized in countless research, alternative fuels need to be used in order to http effect of biodiesel and biodiesel/alcohol blends on the formation of PAHs from the perspectives of human health, the environment and its influence on engine failure called ''wetstacking" [8,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This problem is exacerbated in cold climates, where diesel engines are run at low load for long periods of time to prevent freezing of the fuel and where cold intake air further reduces flame temperature and leads to greater PAH production [27,28]. Because PAHs are semi-volatile, they may condense on surfaces within the engine and lead to engine failure through 'wetstacking' [24,25,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among several other sources, PAHs are well-known to be emitted as a result of incomplete combustion and high pressure processes [23][24][25][26][27]. Combustion of an organic fuel resulting in a cool flame, such as in a diesel engine running at idle (having a very fuel-lean mixture) will not reach the ideal flame temperature and produce sooty emissions [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends

Yılmaz

Davis

2016

Fuel

Self Cite

103

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends

Yılmaz

Davis

2016

Fuel

Self Cite

103

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“…HC for P20Bu5D75, P20Bu10D70, and PDME20 is lower than diesel under all circumstances. HC emission formation relies on oxygen content, cetane number, viscosity and density 37 . Lower O 2 is the key motive for higher HC emissions for diesel than PDME20, P20Bu5D75, and P20Bu10D70.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HC emission formation relies on oxygen content, cetane number, viscosity and density. 37 Lower O 2 is the key motive for higher HC emissions for diesel than PDME20, P20Bu5D75, and P20Bu10D70. Adding butanol lower HC for base fuel.…”

Section: Hydrocarbon Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigations of combustion, performance, and emission characteristics in a diesel engine fueled with Prunus domestica methyl ester and n‐butanol blends

Nalla

Devarajan

Ganesan

et al. 2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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The chief objective of this study is to utilize non‐edible, carbon‐rich oil derived from Prunus domestica seeds as blended fuel. The combustion efficiency of derived blends shall further be enhanced by blending higher alcohol into biodiesel/diesel blends. This work details the impact of effectively utilizing waste and non‐edible oil to replace fossil fuels partially. In this study, the P. domestica is trans‐esterified to methyl ester and blended with diesel at 20%. Further to enhance the ignition nature, butanol, higher alcohol, is blended to P. domestica biodiesel/diesel blends at 5% and 10%. The ignition pattern of the modified fuels is extensively studied and compared with diesel in a stationary research diesel engine. This study involves four fuel samples, namely, neat P. domestica methyl ester and is termed PDME. 20% of PDME is blended with 80% diesel is referred to as PDME20. 20% of PDME with 5% n‐butanol and 75% diesel is termed PDME20Bu5D75, 20% of PDME with 10% n‐butanol and 70% diesel is termed as PDME20Bu10D70 and diesel. Addition of PDME and butanol at different blends found miscible with diesel. PDME and butanol provided a suitable time for reaction and mixing, complete combustion, higher O2 content, and rich fuel‐air mixture, resulting in lower emissions than diesel. Further, butanol aided better atomization, effective combustion and resulted in higher efficiency with lower fuel consumption. Adding butanol also lowered the viscosity and improved the mixing process, and produced better in‐cylinder pressure and heat release rate.

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Effect of diesel and propanol blends on regulated pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under lean combustion conditions

Yılmaz

Vigil

Donaldson

2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Alcohols such as n-propanol and diesel fuel can be mixed to increase the rate of bioalcohol utilization while reducing harmful pollutants. Examination of exhaust emissions from diesel engines, in terms of both regulated pollutants and unregulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is very important to the environment, public health, and engine durability. For this purpose, in this study, diesel blends with various n-propanol concentrations (5%, 20%, and 35% by volume) were evaluated in a diesel engine. Regulated emissions were measured using a standard 5-gas analyzer and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of blended fuels on PAH formation (total PAHs, PAH distribution, and PAH toxicity) was examined in detail and compared with baseline diesel. Nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions were reduced by 18.30% with higher n-propanol concentrations. The addition of n-propanol to diesel decreased total PAHs by as much as 71.20%. The fuel blend with a 20% n-propanol concentration stood out with a maximum reduction of 91.23% in the toxicity of PAHs. In addition, n-propanol led to a substantial decrease in the distribution of high ring aromatic compounds. Overall, it was demonstrated that n-propanol is an effective additive to not only reduce the total PAH emissions and toxicity but also heavier PAHs which are more carcinogenic and cause a greater risk of the wetstacking issues for engines under cold operating or low load conditions.

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Examination of Causes of Wetstacking in Diesel Engines

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends

Investigations of combustion, performance, and emission characteristics in a diesel engine fueled with Prunus domestica methyl ester and n‐butanol blends

Effect of diesel and propanol blends on regulated pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under lean combustion conditions

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