Examination of animal and zoonotic pathogens using microarrays

Abstract

-The advancement in functional genomics, such as DNA microarrays along with the genome availability of important pathogens as well as of human and livestock species has allowed scientists to study the expression of thousands of genes in a single step. In the past decade, DNA arrays have been employed to study infectious processes of pathogens, in diagnostics, and to study host-pathogen interactions. The generation of enormous data sets by microarray experiments also stimulated the growth of a new generation of analytical software. The information provided by microarray experiments has been useful in generating new hypotheses for future research. The concept of DNA array technology has been utilized in the development of novel diagnostic methods. This review highlights the application of microarrays in the field of veterinary research.

Transcriptomic Response of Porcine PBMCs to Vaccination with Tetanus Toxoid as a Model Antigen

“…For the study of gene expression due to immune stimulation or pathogen infection microarray techniques enable the interrogation of large sets of genes [11]. Typical study designs comprise either PBMC cultures stimulated with mitogens [12], [13] or the investigation of blood cells or immune tissue after pathogen infection [14]–[16] or vaccination [17].…”

Proteomics in Veterinary Medicine

“…This capability to fine-tune gene expression can and has been studied by DNA microarray techniques, in particular for what concerns the microbiome (ie, the pathogen component). 88 However, since the correlation between DNA levels and actual protein expression is poor, 50 integration between the 2 techniques, genomics and proteomics, is required.…”

Future Veterinary Diagnostics

“…23 Other applications to bacterial infections have included the diagnosis of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, gene profiling of Pasteurella multocida, Mycobacterium avium subsp, Paratuberculosis spp., Rhodococcus equi, Borrelia burgdorferi, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes and Clostridium perfringens toxin genes, Bacillus anthracis, C. perfringens, Brucella spp., Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. 24 Microarray technology has also been used to generate a "lipopolysaccharide array" against the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Monoclonal antibodies specific for Escherichia coli O111, E. coli O157, Francisella tularensis, and Salmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium O antigens were used to evaluate the assay.…”