Ex vivo deformations of the urinary bladder wall during whole bladder filling: Contributions of extracellular matrix and smooth muscle

Porcine extracellular matrix scaffolds in reconstructive urology: An ex vivo comparative study of their biomechanical properties

“…However, we selected porcine UBM for our study as it confers a number of noteworthy biomechanical advantages over other commercially available ECMs when applied to the mammalian genitourinary tract. Native bladder tissue behaves in an anisotropic manner when accommodating large increases in intravesical volume and remains stiffer along its circumferential axis compared to its longitudinal axis (Parekh et al, 2010). This in vivo stretch response is retained by the UBM scaffold after decellularisation and preparation processes (Gilbert et al, 2008).…”

“…They are easily sourced, produce reliable results and retain their visocoelastic properties for up to 48 h when deprived of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (e.g. post mortem) (Parekh et al, 2010;Thiruchelvam et al, 2004Thiruchelvam et al, , 2003. More importantly, ovine bladders possess physiological properties that are similar to those of human bladders.…”

Optical assessment of tissue anisotropy in <italic>ex vivo</italic> distended rat bladders

“…Note that usually anisotropy is gauged from the thickness change or displacement with the approximate assumption of spherical or ellipsoid shape of the examined structure. 10,11 In contrast, our approach enables the characterization of the bladder with respect to its optical anisotropy (birefringence), independent of its thickness and 'regular geometry' assumptions. Resulting images of regional anisotropy Δn app are shown in Fig.…”

“…To relate the anisotropy to the pressure inside the bladder, approximations such as a spherical bladder shape have been assumed, and Laplace's law has also been invoked to describe pressure-shape relationships. 10 In a recent study, displacement has been measured from the surface of the bladder wall while bladders were distended ex vivo under controlled pressure and volume of liquid, 11 from which regional anisotropy and strain have been calculated using Laplace's law. Although such displacement measurements coupled with biomechanical models are useful to detect elasticity and anisotropy, they do not provide any information on the underlying tissue organization.…”

Preventing Urethral Trauma from Inadvertent Inflation of Catheter Balloon in the Urethra during Catheterization: Evaluation of a Novel Safety Syringe after Correlating Trauma with Urethral Distension and Catheter Balloon Pressure

“…The importance for designing a safer transurethral catheter that eliminates the potential for urethral trauma has been recently highlighted 12 Porcine samples were initially selected as their urethral biomechanical properties closely resemble human urethral tissue 13,14 . It is also arguable that urethral compliance may be altered due to the freezing process prior to experimentation.…”