Ex-situ experimental benchmarking of solid oxide fuel cell metal interconnects

Addressing planar solid oxide cell degradation mechanisms: A critical review of selected components

“…. Bianco et al 248 . performed ex‐situ experimental benchmarking of more than 60 combinations of material solutions for SOFC interconnects, confirming that cheaper commercial stainless steel (K41) can compete with SOFC‐specific steels.…”

Solid oxide electrolysis cells – current material development and industrial application

“…In addition to special interconnect materials (see Chapter 3.4.1), possible mitigation solutions for Cr poisoning of the oxygen electrodes are protective coatings like Mn 1.0 Co 1.9 Fe 0.1 O 4 (MCF), which are applied, for example, by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and can negate this effect. [443][444][445][446] Comparable results can also be achieved with other spinel coatings (Mn-Co, Mn-Cu, Ce-Co) or perovskites [447][448][449] and alternative coating technologies such as wet chemical coating methods (e.g., wet powder spraying), screen printing, slurry dip coating, and electroplating as well as high vacuum deposition techniques such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). A dense protective layer has been shown to have a high capability of blocking Cr diffusion and thus prolonging stack durability.…”

Perovskite Conversion Coatings as Novel and Simple Approach for Improving Functional Performance of Ferritic Stainless Steel SOFC Interconnects

“…Figure 8 reports the oxidation behavior at 700 °C in static laboratory air of non-accelerated and accelerated perovskite coated K41 and Crofer 22H steels using small square samples of 10 mm side length. The results are compared against a typical thin metallic Ce/Co coating, which is widely used as benchmark due to its excellent electric and Cr retention properties in a wide temperature range at 650-800 °C [7,13]. The oxidation data of the Ce/Co coating resulting from [7] refer to a 650 °C exposure and to a K41 steel substrate.…”

“…Several single contact units were then placed in series to form a measurement stack structure. Post-test EDX analysis of Cr in the cathodic LSC paste was used to estimate the Cr retention properties of the coatings [13,26].…”

“…In order to produce effective interconnect coatings numerous deposition application methods have been investigated to date [1,6,8]. The methods most frequently studied can be categorized into the following main groups, namely wet chemical [9][10][11], chemical vapor deposition [12,13], vacuum deposition [14][15][16], thermal spraying [13,17] and electroplating processing methods [8,[18][19][20]. Although each group may have its own specific merits, deposited protective coatings will contribute significantly to the total interconnect fabrication cost, thus leaving room for the search of alternative and more cost affordable interconnect protection solutions.…”