Evolving tuis with smart objects for multi-context interaction

Internet of Tangible Things (IoTT): Challenges and Opportunities for Tangible Interaction with IoT

“…Results of the meta-analysis. Type T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 TangiSense (Traffic) [50] System, no user evaluation X X X Active Forms [52] Theoretical X X X X AwareKit [53] System, user evaluation X X X X X CapNFC [45] System, no user evaluation X X X X Cognitive Objects [54] Theoretical X X X X Smart-home environment [55] System, user evaluation X X X TANGerINE [56] System, no user evaluation X X X X Expressing Intent [57] System, no user evaluation X X X X X VoxBox [43] System, user evaluation X X X X Invisible connections [44] Theoretical, user interviews X X X X IoT Owl [58] System, no user evaluation X X X Iyagi [59] System, no user evaluation X X TangiSense (Kitchen) [60] System, user evaluation X X Projected interfaces [61] System, no user evaluation X X X X RapIoT [62] Toolkit X X T4Tags [63] Toolkit, end-user insights X X X X X Technology Individuation [42] Theoretical, analysis of user-evaluated systems X X X X X X X Tiles [64] Toolkit X X X X X Total: 18 papers 4 theoretical, 3 toolkits, 11 systems. 7 papers include user insights 13 10 1 12 11 11 7 4 From the table, it is possible to notice that the most cited property is T1, with 13 occurrences out of 18 articles, while T3, i.e., exploring persistency of tangible interfaces, is the less mentioned (in only one paper and marginally).…”

“…VoxBox [43] is a tangible questionnaire for collecting feedback during public events (e.g., attendants' appreciation). TANGerINE [56] is a system for supporting collaborative interactions on table tops where users can transport information and make special actions through a custom-designed IoT tangible cube. Two other systems are based on the TangiSense platform, an RFID-enabled table top that augments tangible tagged objects with virtual agents.…”

“…The concepts of physical affordances and interaction embodiment are well known in the field of tangible interaction and, not surprisingly, this is the property with more occurrences among the selected papers. The importance of digital content embodiment into meaningful physical representation has been highlighted in Active Forms [52], Cognitive Objects [54] and TANGerINE [56]. In particular, Scott-Harden [52] suggested that interactive products or devices could render digital information content (such as the internal state of the product or of related services) thanks to perceptible changes to their physical form, e.g., shape or size and appearance, e.g., colour or temperature.…”

“…In particular, Scott-Harden [52] suggested that interactive products or devices could render digital information content (such as the internal state of the product or of related services) thanks to perceptible changes to their physical form, e.g., shape or size and appearance, e.g., colour or temperature. Authors of both Cognitive Objects [54] and TANGerINE [56] highlighted the concept of semantic embodiment of the interaction, in respect of object abilities and possible user interactions with the object. Also, Mora et al [65], whose objective is providing interaction primitives that are automatically recognized by their IoT development toolkit, highlighted the importance of designing interaction primitives that can make non-experts familiar with IoT concepts.…”

“…Grosse-Puppendahl et al [45], while initially designing IoT connected plastic cards with braille text for blind users, later proposed 3D objects with audio hints that can be activated by shaking the object. In TANGerINE [56], integrated LEDs and haptic vibrations were provided as feedback modalities. Finally, Molyneaux and Gellersen [61] elicited three different rich interactions that users can perform with their projected interfaces: "Direct manipulation of object (e.g., shaking); Manipulation of object morphology; Manipulation of physical interaction components.…”