Evolvable Skin Electronics by In Situ and In Operando Adaptation

Abstract

Latest developments in thin-film electronics have put skin electronics in the limelight. Integration of multiple skin sensors and wireless power transferring ability are cardinal components for continuous acquisition of the human signals, enabling higher level of applications in wearable healthcare and AR/ VR devices. Skin sensor is considerably influenced by target body parts and users where it is attached, and thus face various design adjustments for the best performance. However, most skin electronics using conventional fabrication methods have a fixed design for specific targets and users only and face great challenge when they need design changes, for it has to re-initialize entire fabrication process even for the simplest design modification. Here, in situ and in operando adaptation (SOA) is presented, a revolutionary customizable electronic fabrication platform that allows simultaneous evolvable design modification and addition of new functionality to original skin electronics while they are in operation on a human skin. SOA renders immediate response to various user specifications possible, offering concurrent customization for various wearable and wireless applications including human physiology/motion sensors. Furthermore, SOA offers simultaneous impedance optimization in different body parts and users which enables on-skin wireless power supply. These findings will prove a boon to the development of customizable wearable skin-like electronics.

Double-Sided Wearable Multifunctional Sensing System with Anti-interference Design for Human–Ambience Interface

“…Furthermore, mining more value behind each module , and customizing the functions of modules considering the needs of uses will endow the system with more practical scenarios. , …”

“…Furthermore, mining more value behind each module 57,58 and customizing the functions of modules considering the needs of uses will endow the system with more practical scenarios. 59,60 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Design and Fabrication of Double-Sided LIG/LIGF. The layout of the specific design of each module in the double-sided wearable multifunctional system has been revealed in the Figure S1.…”

Direct Writing of Functional Layer by Selective Laser Sintering of Nanoparticles for Emerging Applications: A Review

“…Secondly, laser-sintered metallic electrode enables a new concept of evolvable skin electronics, of which system’s impedance and functions can be altered during the operation [ 104 ]. The objective of a wearable electronics can be diverse, yet the one of the primary concerns is to measure various physiological data from the body to acquire the current state of the wearer, especially for healthcare purpose.…”

“…( f ) Addition of UV and humidity sensing capabilities by SOA. Reprinted with permission from Ref [ 104 ]. 2022 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.…”

Fabrication and Conductive Mechanism Analysis of Stretchable Electrodes Based on PDMS-Ag Nanosheet Composite with Low Resistance, Stability, and Durability

“…Moreover, the treatment of conductive materials and structures requires some post-processing methods—such as photolithography, ion implantation, thin film deposition, electroplating, UV treatment, etc.—which increases the cost and difficulty of electrode preparation. As a common flexible electrode material, Ag nanomaterials play an important role in many studies, such as 0-dimensional Ag nanoparticles [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], 1-dimensional Ag nanowires [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], etc. In some studies related to Ag nanomaterial electrodes, it has been found that the contact resistance at junctions between nanomaterials is one of the main issues affecting their electrical conductivity [ 37 ].…”