Evolutionary Relevance Facilitates Visual Information                     Processing

Jackson, Russell E.; Calvillo, Dustin P.

doi:10.1177/147470491301100506

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The findings of the present study add to studies that have shown animate objects permeate visual attention in visual search, change blindness, and inattentional blindness tasks (Calvillo & Jackson, 2014;Jackson & Calvillo, 2013;New et al, 2007). These previous findings suggest that animate objects are prioritized in visual scenes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Weimer, Gerdes, and Pauli (2013) found that participants have a greater skin conductance response to a spider than a flower in an inattentional blindness task, even when the spider was not reported. This physiological indicator of arousal may explain why animate objects are better detected in visual search tasks (Jackson & Calvillo, 2013) and better remembered in memory tasks (Nairne et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Support for the animate monitoring hypothesis has come from studies that demonstrated that, compared with inanimate objects, animate objects are detected more quickly in visual search tasks (Jackson & Calvillo, 2013), they are detected more frequently in change blindness (New et al, 2007) and inattentional blindness tasks (Calvillo & Jackson, 2014), they receive longer eye fixations (Yang et al, 2012), and they are better remembered (Nairne, VanArsdall, Pandeirada, Cogdill, & LeBreton, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Animacy increases second target reporting in a rapid serial visual presentation task

Guerrero

Calvillo

2016

Psychon Bull Rev

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Attentional blink occurs when two target items, T1 and T2, are presented within brief moments of each other in a series of rapidly presented items and participants fail to report T2. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of characteristics of T2 on T2 reporting. Participants (N = 67) completed 4 blocks of 40 trials. Each trial consisted of 15 images, two of which were designated as T1 and T2. T2 was manipulated in three ways: animacy (animate or inanimate), threat (threatening or nonthreatening), and lag (200 ms or 400 ms after T1). The results indicated that more T2s were reported at the longer lag and that animate objects were reported more often than inanimate objects at both lags. Threat did not have a significant effect on T2 reporting although it interacted with lag: threatening objects were reported more frequently than nonthreatening objects at lag 2 but this trend reversed at lag 4. The results were consistent with the animate monitoring hypothesis, which claims that animate objects, because of their importance in ancestral environments, attract attention more easily than inanimate objects. Animate objects appear to capture attention more easily than inanimate objects as second targets in a rapid serial visual presentation task. This result is similar to animacy advantages reported with other attention tasks and with memory tasks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animacy increases second target reporting in a rapid serial visual presentation task

Guerrero

Calvillo

2016

Psychon Bull Rev

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“…Sha et al, 2015). Behavioural studies have shown that animate objects are more often consciously perceived in rapid serial visual presentations (RSVP) (Evans & Treisman, 2005;Guerrero & Calvillo, 2016;Hagen & Laeng, 2017), more quickly found in visual search (Jackson & Calvillo, 2013), elicit faster responses in discrimination tasks (Carlson, Ritchie, Kriegeskorte, Durvasula, & Ma, 2014;Ritchie, Tovar, & Carlson, 2015), and animate words are better retained in working memory (Nairne, VanArsdall, Pandeirada, Cogdill, & LeBreton, 2013). Aggregated, these findings point to a preferential visual processing of animate objects, most likely also reflected in the representational organisation of the visual stream (Carlson et al, 2014;Ritchie et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conscious perception of natural images is constrained by category-related visual features

Lindh

Sligte

Assecondi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Conscious perception is crucial for adaptive behaviour yet access to consciousness varies for different types of objects. The visual system comprises regions with widely distributed category information and exemplar-level representations that cluster according to category. Does this categorical organisation in the brain provide insight into object-specific access to consciousness? We address this question using the Attentional Blink (AB) approach with visual objects as targets. We find large differences across categories in the AB then employ activation patterns extracted from a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to reveal that these differences depend on mid-to high-level, rather than low-level, visual features. We further show that these visual features can be used to explain variance in performance across trials. Taken together, our results suggest that the specific organisation of the higher-tier visual system underlies important functions relevant for conscious perception of differing natural images.

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“…Visual Search Efficiency is Greater for Human Faces Compared to Animal Faces Items in the environment that are of high biological significance appear to be located more efficiently than other items (e.g., Jackson, 2013; Öhman, 2007; Öhman, Flykt, & Esteves, 2001; Öhman, Soares, Juth, Lindström, & Esteves, 2012), though the proximate cause of this efficiency is debated (e.g., Horstmann & Bauland, 2006; Horstmann, Becker, Bergmann, & Burghaus, 2010; Horstmann, Lipp, & Becker, 2012; Yantis & Egeth, 1999). From an evolutionary perspective, according to the Animate Monitoring Hypothesis, human and nonhuman animals were the most important categories of visual stimuli for ancestral humans to monitor, as they presented challenges and opportunities for survival and reproduction, such as threats, mates, food, and predators (New, Cosmides, & Tooby, 2007; Orians & Heerwagen, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Search Efficiency Is Greater for Human Faces Compared to Animal Faces

Simpson

Husband

Yee

et al. 2014

Experimental Psychology

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The Animate Monitoring Hypothesis proposes that humans and animals were the most important categories of visual stimuli for ancestral humans to monitor, as they presented important challenges and opportunities for survival and reproduction; however, it remains unknown whether animal faces are located as efficiently as human faces. We tested this hypothesis by examining whether human, primate, and mammal faces elicit similarly efficient searches, or whether human faces are privileged. In the first three experiments, participants located a target (human, primate, or mammal face) among distractors (non-face objects). We found fixations on human faces were faster and more accurate than primate faces, even when controlling for search category specificity. A final experiment revealed that, even when task-irrelevant, human faces slowed searches for non-faces, suggesting some bottom-up processing may be responsible for the human face search efficiency advantage.

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Evolutionary Relevance Facilitates Visual Information Processing

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Animacy increases second target reporting in a rapid serial visual presentation task

Animacy increases second target reporting in a rapid serial visual presentation task

Conscious perception of natural images is constrained by category-related visual features

Visual Search Efficiency Is Greater for Human Faces Compared to Animal Faces

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