1993
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040059
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Evolutionary relationships of human populations on a global scale.

Abstract: Using gene frequency data for 29 polymorphic loci (121 alleles), we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 26 representative populations from around the world by using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. We also conducted a separate analysis of 15 populations by using data for 33 polymorphic loci. These analyses have shown that the first major split of the phylogenetic tree separates Africans from non-Africans and that this split occurs with a 100% bootstrap probability. The second split separates Caucasian popula… Show more

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Cited by 106 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…We first constructed the tree topology using the neighbor joining (NJ) method (Saitou and Nei, 1987) based on average pairwise F ST estimated from 10,000 randomly selected 1000 Genomes SNPs. This topology was consistent with the one based on classic blood group and protein loci (Nei and Roychoudhury, 1993). Given this fixed topology, two methods were used to estimate the branch lengths based on the allele frequencies of each SNP: 1) the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method (Chakraborty, 1977, Rzhetsky and Nei, 1992); and 2) a maximum likelihood (ML) method based on the diffusion approximation (Kimura, 1962) of allele frequency changes.…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…We first constructed the tree topology using the neighbor joining (NJ) method (Saitou and Nei, 1987) based on average pairwise F ST estimated from 10,000 randomly selected 1000 Genomes SNPs. This topology was consistent with the one based on classic blood group and protein loci (Nei and Roychoudhury, 1993). Given this fixed topology, two methods were used to estimate the branch lengths based on the allele frequencies of each SNP: 1) the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method (Chakraborty, 1977, Rzhetsky and Nei, 1992); and 2) a maximum likelihood (ML) method based on the diffusion approximation (Kimura, 1962) of allele frequency changes.…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…The R ST value between the bottom and root of A and B clades in the tree was 16.91, while that between the bottom and root of the European male clade in the B clade was 12.31. Based on a divergence of East Asians from Africans of 55,000 years ago (Nei and Roychoudhury 1974, 1993), and assuming that R ST is proportional to time, we can estimate the evolutionary rate of Y-STR by using the Y-STR tree. In the tree the R ST value between the deepest root and the bottom is 16.91, and that between the common ancestor of Europeans males and the bottom is 12.31.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our interest focused on the divergence of three major populations—Africans, Europeans, and East Asians—and East Asians and Europeans in particular, because they lived together for a while after coming out of Africa and likely interbred, perhaps similar to the hybridizations reported between Neanderthals and modern humans (Noonan 2006). After the divergence between Mongoloid (East Asian) and Caucasoid (European) people ∌55,000 years ago (Nei and Roychoudhury 1993), they might have still interbred while en route to settlement in their present localities.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Clearly, the fossil record in East Asia would be more compatible with a model proposing an earlier exit from Africa of modern humans that arrived to China following a northern route, around 100 kya. Indeed, this northern route model was evidenced from the relative relationships obtained for worldwide human populations using classical genetic markers [24, 25] and by the archaeological record [26]. Based on the phylogeography of mtDNA macrohaplogroup N, the existence of a northern route from the Levant that colonized Asia and carried modern humans to Australia was also inferred long ago [27].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%