Evolutionary game theory using agent-based methods

Adami, Christoph; Schossau, Jory; Hintze, Arend

doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2016.08.015

Cited by 176 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The way that a site mutates matters only under very rare circumstances (Iliopoulos et al 2010), so we setup our model so that the gene is being replaced by a random number drawn from a uniform distribution between 2 ½0; 1 . We don't expect a smaller mutational effect to change our results significantly, though the boundary conditions may, i.e., how values behave that are close to 0.0 or 1.0 (Adami et al 2016). …”

Section: Biosquarementioning

confidence: 67%

Third-party mutualists have contrasting effects on host invasion under the enemy-release and biotic-resistance hypotheses

et al. 2017

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Plants engage in complex multipartite interactions with mutualists and antagonists, but these interactions are rarely included in studies that explore plant invasiveness. When considered in isolation, we know that beneficial microbes can enhance an exotic plant's invasive ability and that herbivorous insects often decrease an exotic plant's likeliness of success. However, the effect of these partners on plant fitness has not been well characterized when all three species coevolve. We use computational evolutionary modeling of a trait-based system to test how microbes and herbivores simultaneously coevolving with an invading plant affect the invaders' probability of becoming established. Specifically, we designed a model that explores how a beneficial microbe would influence the outcome of an interaction between a plant and herbivore. To model novel interactions, we included a phenotypic trait shared by each species. Making this trait continuous and selectable allows us to explore how trait similarities between coevolving plants, herbivores and microbes affect fitness. Using this model, we answer the following questions: (1) Can a beneficial plant-microbe interaction influence the evolutionary outcome of antagonistic interactions between plants and herbivores? (2) How does the initial trait similarity between interacting organisms affect the likelihood of plant survival in novel locations? (3) Does the effect of tripartite interactions on the invasion success of a plant depend on whether organisms interact through trait similarity [ -017-9912-5 plants to invade under the ERH but that beneficial microbes increase the probability of plant survival in a novel range under both hypotheses. To our knowledge, this model is the first to use tripartite interactions to explore novel species introductions. It represents a step towards gaining a better understanding of the factors influencing establishment of exotic species to prevent future invasions.

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Section: Biosquarementioning

confidence: 67%

Third-party mutualists have contrasting effects on host invasion under the enemy-release and biotic-resistance hypotheses

et al. 2017

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“…Game theory, in general, has been applied successfully to the evolution of animal behaviour that focuses on evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) [54,55]. Two implicit assumptions are important for the relationship of game theory and biological evolution: (i) pay-off is related to fitness and reproductive success, and (ii) playing a given strategy has a genetic component and is inherited (for various biological and sociological applications of game theory see, for example, [56][57][58]). Behavioural game theory and replicator dynamics described by equation (2.4b) with…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some mechanistic requirements for major transitions

Schuster

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 13 to a theme issue 'The major synthetic evolutionary transitions'. Major transitions in nature and human society are accompanied by a substantial change towards higher complexity in the core of the evolving system. New features are established, novel hierarchies emerge, new regulatory mechanisms are required and so on. An obvious way to achieve higher complexity is integration of autonomous elements into new organized systems whereby the previously independent units give up their autonomy at least in part. In this contribution, we reconsider the more than 40 years old hypercycle model and analyse it by the tools of stochastic chemical kinetics. An open system is implemented in the form of a flow reactor. The formation of new dynamically organized units through integration of competitors is identified with transcritical bifurcations. In the stochastic model, the fully organized state is quasi-stationary whereas the unorganized state corresponds to a population with natural selection. The stability of the organized state depends strongly on the number of individual subspecies, n, that have to be integrated: two and three classes of individuals, n ¼ 2 and n ¼ 3, readily form quasi-stationary states. The four-membered deterministic dynamical system, n ¼ 4, is stable but in the stochastic approach self-enhancing fluctuations drive it into extinction. In systems with five and more classes of individuals, n ! 5, the state of cooperation is unstable and the solutions of the deterministic ODEs exhibit large amplitude oscillations. In the stochastic system self-enhancing fluctuations lead to extinction as observed with n ¼ 4. Interestingly, cooperative systems in nature are commonly two-membered as shown by numerous examples of binary symbiosis. A few cases of symbiosis of three partners, called three-way symbiosis, have been found and were analysed within the past decade. Four-way symbiosis is rather rare but was reported to occur in fungus-growing ants. The model reported here can be used to illustrate the interplay between competition and cooperation whereby we obtain a hint on the role that resources play in major transitions. Abundance of resources seems to be an indispensable prerequisite of radical innovation that apparently needs substantial investments. Economists often claim that scarcity is driving innovation. Our model sheds some light on this apparent contradiction. In a nutshell, the answer is: scarcity drives optimization and increase in efficiency but abundance is required for radical novelty and the development of new features.This article is part of the themed issue 'The major synthetic evolutionary transitions'.

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“…At the same time the systematic investigation of these dilemmas was delayed by the "folk theorem" predicting the elimination of the dilemma for the repeated games [4]. The progressive activity in the study of social dilemmas was initiated by the computer tournaments conducted by Axelrod [5] and also by the development of evolutionary game theory providing a general mathematical framework to analyze quantitatively the living systems [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social dilemmas in multistrategy evolutionary potential games

Szabó

Bunth

2018

Phys. Rev. E

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The nature of social dilemmas is studied in n-strategy evolutionary potential games on a square lattice with nearest-neighbor interactions and the logit rule. For symmetric games with symmetric payoff matrices there are no dilemmas because of the coincidence of individual and common interests. The dilemmas are caused by the antisymmetric parts of the self-and cross-dependent payoff components if it modifies the preferred Nash equilibrium. The contentment of players and the emergence of dilemmas in the preferred Nash equilibria are illustrated on some two-dimensional cross sections of the parameter space.

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Evolutionary game theory using agent-based methods

Cited by 176 publications

References 101 publications

Third-party mutualists have contrasting effects on host invasion under the enemy-release and biotic-resistance hypotheses

Third-party mutualists have contrasting effects on host invasion under the enemy-release and biotic-resistance hypotheses

Some mechanistic requirements for major transitions

Social dilemmas in multistrategy evolutionary potential games

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