Evolutionary Flexibility Through Haploid Males or How Chance Favors the Prepared Genome

Wrensch, Dana L.; Ebbert, M. A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1402-8_4

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In T. cinnabarinus, females were incapable of accepting a second insemination, even when they began to lay only haploid eggs (Potter 1978). The production of mostly sons by aging females could therefore result from sperm depletion (Wrensch 1993). In a cohort, we might expect some females who run out of sperm to show a switch from a 'normal' sex ratio to producing only males, while other females who are not sperm depleted would show no such switch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They usually live in colonies and mating occurs between siblings. Typically, spider mites exhibit moderate to extreme female-biased sex ratios (Sabelis 1991;Wrensch 1993). T. mcdanieli is a multivoltine species that shows strong developmental and reproductive responses to temperature; it develops to maturity and reproduces in the 14-36C range (Roy et al 2002(Roy et al , 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variation in temperature can also be a reliable indicator of habitat quality and trigger the production of individuals with differential abilities to reproduce, disperse, or enter dormant stages (Wellington et al 1999). The influence of temperature on sex allocation in haplodiploid insects and mites remains largely unexplored (King 1987;Wrensch 1993 For colonizing species which inhabit ephemeral and heterogeneous resources, Wrensch (1993) hypothesized that a female should adjust her sex ratio to produce more males when facing stressful environments. She argued that haploid males are a significant advantage for colonizing species because they increase the group's ability to respond to selection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sex ratio is a phenotypic trait that is likely to be affected by abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity, photoperiod, and light conditions (Pianka 1988;Wrensch 1993). Temperature is the most important environmental factor regulating arthropod development and reproduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature and sex allocation in a spider mite

2003

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Although temperature is the most important environmental factor regulating arthropod development and reproduction, its influence on sex allocation in haplodiploid arthropods remains largely unexplored. We investigated under laboratory conditions how maternal age and temperature mediate offspring sex ratio of the spider mite Tetranychus mcdanieli (Acari: Tetranychidae). Over nine temperature regimes, female-biased sex ratios were consistently observed, varying from 57 to 87% among progeny produced over lifetime. Spider mite sex ratio was affected by maternal age: more male progeny were produced at both the beginning and the end of the female lifespan, yielding a dome shaped curvilinear relationship. This pattern of variation with age probably results from constraints on using sperm at young ages and sperm depletion or viability at older ages. We found a significant curvilinear relationship between temperature and sex ratio. The proportion of female offspring was lowest at intermediate temperatures and highest at extreme temperatures. We suggest that increased female-biased sex ratio at extreme temperatures is an evolutionary response of spider mites to deteriorating habitats as, in the Tetranychidae, females have better capacities than males to disperse and survive under harsh conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature and sex allocation in a spider mite

2003

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“…Arrhenotokous sex determination often yields biased sex ratios favoring one or the other sex, depending on a range of conditions (Krainacker and Carey 1990;Wrensch 1993). Too few field studies of B. tabaci sex ratios have been conducted to determine a general pattern.…”

Section: Sex Ratiomentioning

confidence: 98%

Population Dynamics, Demography, Dispersal and Spread of Bemisia tabaci

Naranjo

Castle

Barro

et al. 2009

Bemisia: Bionomics and Management of a Global Pest

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Selectivity assessment of chlorfenvinphos reevaluated by including physiological and behavioral effects on an important beneficial insect

Alix¹,

Cortesero

Nénon

et al. 2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Selectivity is an important factor in identifying candidate pesticides to be used in crop protection since it characterizes chemicals that, while being effective against target pests, exert an acceptable impact on the other components of the environment. Extrapolated to an integrated pest management (IPM) context, selectivity implies that candidate pesticides may preserve the ability of beneficial insects to significantly control target pest populations. In the present study, we assess the physiological selectivity of the organophosphate chlorfenvinphos, used to protect cruciferous crops against the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), by investigating both the lethal and sublethal effects exerted on its main parasitoid Trybliographa rapae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae). The comparison of the median lethal doses showed that T. rapae was at least seven times less sensitive than D. radicum to chlorfenvinphos. However, longevity of parasitoids surviving a sublethal dose was reduced by half. The potential fecundity of females was decreased by 9.6 to 22.8%. Chlorfenvinphos also induced important behavioral changes in both sexes and reduced the chances for parasitoids to mate by more than 70%. While most behavioral changes were reversible, effects on mating and on fecundity were not, thereby suggesting long-term effects on the reproduction of the parasitoid. These cumulative effects of chlorfenvinphos would have dramatic consequences on the efficacy of parasitoids contacting such doses of chlorfenvinphos in the field and therefore there is question about the intrinsic selectivity of this insecticide.

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Evolutionary Flexibility Through Haploid Males or How Chance Favors the Prepared Genome

Cited by 31 publications

References 59 publications

Temperature and sex allocation in a spider mite

Temperature and sex allocation in a spider mite

Population Dynamics, Demography, Dispersal and Spread of Bemisia tabaci

Selectivity assessment of chlorfenvinphos reevaluated by including physiological and behavioral effects on an important beneficial insect

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