Evolutionary Divergence Between Two Populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura

Matzke, Mary Ann; Druger, Marvin

doi:10.2307/2407524

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The substantial environmental influence of temperature on body size corroborates work in this and other Drosophila species that repeatedly show temperature-size relationships consistent with classic Bergmann clines – larger body sizes at lower temperatures [ 19 - 21 , 30 ]. Our absolute measures of wing sizes also closely resemble those measured using identical methods in other populations of D. pseudoobscura , suggesting that the overall range of phenotypic responses to specific temperatures has been well conserved over time in this species [ 27 , 28 , 31 ]. There are a multitude of theories to explain the enduring nature of temperature-size relationships, including metabolic rate and development rate [ 12 - 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…As a proxy for overall body size we measured wing length as this trait has been shown to correlate with other measures of body size and is easily standardized between individuals [ 27 , 44 ]. We restricted our analysis to female flies as female body size is most closely associated with fecundity and population fitness, and previous work has established that there is no sexual differentiation in phenotypic plasticity in wing sizes in this species [ 27 , 28 ]. To measure wing sizes, we froze all of the virgin females that eclosed from each vial at four days of age and then selected 5 females at random to represent each isoline/temperature treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work has shown that phenotypic plasticity in body size occurs in this species [ 19 ]. Experimental work has also demonstrated the potential for evolutionary divergence between populations as plasticity in body sizes can stabilize over time under laboratory conditions [ 27 , 28 ]. Additionally, strong latitudinal distributions of other traits, such as sex ratio distortion and polyandry in this species have been observed but not yet conclusively explained [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opposite environmental and genetic influences on body size in North American Drosophila pseudoobscura

et al. 2015

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BackgroundPopulations of a species often differ in key traits. However, it is rarely known whether these differences are associated with genetic variation and evolved differences between populations, or are instead simply a plastic response to environmental differences experienced by the populations. Here we examine the interplay of plasticity and direct genetic control by investigating temperature-size relationships in populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura from North America. We used 27 isolines from three populations and exposed them to four temperature regimes (16°C, 20°C, 23°C, 26°C) to examine environmental, genetic and genotype-by-environment sources of variance in wing size.ResultsBy far the largest contribution to variation in wing size came from rearing temperature, with the largest flies emerging from the coolest temperatures. However, we also found a genetic signature that was counter to this pattern as flies originating from the northern, cooler population were consistently smaller than conspecifics from more southern, warmer populations when reared under the same laboratory conditions.ConclusionsWe conclude that local selection on body size appears to be acting counter to the environmental effect of temperature. We find no evidence that local adaptation in phenotypic plasticity can explain this result, and suggest indirect selection on traits closely linked with body size, or patterns of chromosome inversion may instead be driving this relationship.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0323-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opposite environmental and genetic influences on body size in North American Drosophila pseudoobscura

et al. 2015

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“…Since then, a number of studies -using only one or two body measurements -have shown significant effects of chromosome inversions on morphological traits (Matzke & Druger, 1976;Garcia-Vazques & SanchezRefusta, 1989;Ruiz et a!., 1991;Hasson et al, 1992). In some cases, however, no correlation was detected (Sokoloff, 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological variation in a natural population of Drosophila mediopunctata: altitudinal cline, temporal changes and influence of chromosome inversions

1995

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To characterize the morphological variation in a natural population of Drosophila mediopunctata, males were collected on three occasions at a single locality. From each wild-caught male 14 body measures were taken and the karyotype for inversions on chromosomes X and II was determined. Through a principal components analysis, two sources of variation, identified as size and shape, accounted for approximately 80 and 6 per cent of the total morphological variability, respectively. The shape component was determined primarily by variations in the position of the wing second longitudinal vein. Differences between collections were detected both for size and shape. An altitudinal dine was observed in respect of wing shape, although altitude explained only a small part of the shape variation. Size and shape were affected by chromosome II inversions. However, in respect of size, no direct differences were detected between karyotypes but a significant interaction between collecting date and karyotype was found. This suggests that karyotypes might differ in their norms of reaction in the field.

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“…Concerning divergence for quantitative traits, the only studies that we are aware of are the 6 papers published under the common title « Genetic divergence in M. Vetukhiv's experimental populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura » (EH! AN, 1964M OURAD , 1965 ;A NDERSON , 1966A NDERSON , , 1973KrrAGAWA, 1967) and a more recent analysis, also conducted with 'Drosophila pseudoobscura, by M ATZKE & D RUGER (1977). The principle of these experiments was to divide a population of a given origin into a certain number of subpopulations and then submit them to different environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genotypic differentiation in cage populations of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Duration of development, thorax size and weight

Lints¹,

Bourgois²

1987

Genetics Selection Evolution

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Evolutionary Divergence Between Two Populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Opposite environmental and genetic influences on body size in North American Drosophila pseudoobscura

Opposite environmental and genetic influences on body size in North American Drosophila pseudoobscura

Morphological variation in a natural population of Drosophila mediopunctata: altitudinal cline, temporal changes and influence of chromosome inversions

Phenotypic and genotypic differentiation in cage populations of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Duration of development, thorax size and weight

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