Evolutionary biology of human hepatitis viruses

Rasche, Andrea; Sander, Anna-Lena; Corman, Victor M.; Drexler, Jan Felix

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.11.010

Cited by 60 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 252 publications

(278 reference statements)

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“…Hepadnaviruses as a family are phylogenetically much older than previously thought (1,3), yet the origins of mammalian hepadnaviruses remain enigmatic. Our study projects the rise of mammalian hepadnaviruses toward the origins of the Laurasiatheria, 1 of the 2 large clades of placental mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Notably, many laurasiatherian species are insectivorous. Hypothetically, ancient insect-associated hepadnaviruses (34) may have been acquired by small insectivorous mammals like bats and shrews and further diversified within the mammalian lineage by complex macroevolutionary patterns likely including both long-term host-virus associations and host switches (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shrew infection models relying on CSHBV/MSHBV revertants and human HBV will allow comparative assessments of HBeAg-mediated HBV pathogenesis, entry, and species barriers. hepatitis B virus | viral evolution | zoonosis | shrew | E antigen T he hepatitis B virus (HBV, genus Orthohepadnavirus) is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes 887,000 deaths annually, predominantly due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma after chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (1). Distantly related hepadnaviruses were identified recently in animals other than humans and apes (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hepatitis B virus | viral evolution | zoonosis | shrew | E antigen T he hepatitis B virus (HBV, genus Orthohepadnavirus) is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes 887,000 deaths annually, predominantly due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma after chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (1). Distantly related hepadnaviruses were identified recently in animals other than humans and apes (1). The newly discovered animal viruses revealed that prototypic properties of HBV such as envelopment (2) and presence of an X gene (3) emerged de novo during orthohepadnavirus evolution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…humans and several nonhuman primate species within the order Primates and 3 closely related species within the order Rodentia (rodents) (1,5). Bats may play an important role for Orthohepadnavirus evolution because they host a relatively higher genetic diversity of orthohepadnaviruses than other mammals (1,6). However, bats are not the oldest laurasiatherian order.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly diversified shrew hepatitis B viruses corroborate ancient origins and divergent infection patterns of mammalian hepadnaviruses

Rasche

Lehmann

König

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Shrews, insectivorous small mammals, pertain to an ancient mammalian order. We screened 693 European and African shrews for hepatitis B virus (HBV) homologs to elucidate the enigmatic genealogy of HBV. Shrews host HBVs at low prevalence (2.5%) across a broad geographic and host range. The phylogenetically divergent shrew HBVs comprise separate species termed crowned shrew HBV (CSHBV) and musk shrew HBV (MSHBV), each containing distinct genotypes. Recombination events across host orders, evolutionary reconstructions, and antigenic divergence of shrew HBVs corroborated ancient origins of mammalian HBVs dating back about 80 million years. Resurrected CSHBV replicated in human hepatoma cells, but human-and tupaiaderived primary hepatocytes were resistant to hepatitis D viruses pseudotyped with CSHBV surface proteins. Functional characterization of the shrew sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp), CSHBV/MSHBV surface peptide binding patterns, and infection experiments revealed lack of Ntcp-mediated entry of shrew HBV. Contrastingly, HBV entry was enabled by the shrew Ntcp. Shrew HBVs universally showed mutations in their genomic preCore domains impeding hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) production and resembling those observed in HBeAg-negative human HBV. Deep sequencing and in situ hybridization suggest that HBeAg-negative shrew HBVs cause intense hepatotropic monoinfections and low within-host genomic heterogeneity. Geographical clustering and low MSHBV/CSHBVspecific seroprevalence suggest focal transmission and high virulence of shrew HBVs. HBeAg negativity is thus an ancient HBV infection pattern, whereas Ntcp usage for entry is not evolutionarily conserved. Shrew infection models relying on CSHBV/MSHBV revertants and human HBV will allow comparative assessments of HBeAg-mediated HBV pathogenesis, entry, and species barriers.hepatitis B virus | viral evolution | zoonosis | shrew | E antigen T he hepatitis B virus (HBV, genus Orthohepadnavirus) is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes 887,000 deaths annually, predominantly due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma after chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (1). Distantly related hepadnaviruses were identified recently in animals other than humans and apes (1). The newly discovered animal viruses revealed that prototypic properties of HBV such as envelopment (2) and presence of an X gene (3) emerged de novo during orthohepadnavirus evolution.Hepadnaviruses are ancient pathogens, likely infecting vertebrates for over 200 million years (3). Placental mammals evolved ∼99 million years ago (mya) and form 2 major clades termed Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires (4). The known laurasiatherian HBV hosts belong to several species within the orders Chiroptera (bats) and to one species each within the orders Carnivora (cat) and Artiodactyla (duiker). HBV hosts within the Euarchontoglires include Significance Hepatitis B viruses (HBVs) have existed for millions of years. We describe divergent HBV species in shrews, which are ancient insectivorous mammals. The shrew viruses co...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly diversified shrew hepatitis B viruses corroborate ancient origins and divergent infection patterns of mammalian hepadnaviruses

Rasche

Lehmann

König

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A panoramic view of the virosphere in three wastewater treatment plants by integrating viral‐like particle‐concentrated and traditional non‐concentrated metagenomic approaches

Zhang,

Tang,

Jin

et al. 2024

iMeta

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Wastewater biotreatment systems harbor a rich diversity of microorganisms, and the effectiveness of biotreatment systems largely depends on the activity of these microorganisms. Specifically, viruses play a crucial role in altering microbial behavior and metabolic processes throughout their infection phases, an aspect that has recently attracted considerable interest. Two metagenomic approaches, viral‐like particle‐concentrated (VPC, representing free viral‐like particles) and non‐concentrated (NC, representing the cellular fraction), were employed to assess their efficacy in revealing virome characteristics, including taxonomy, diversity, host interactions, lifestyle, dynamics, and functional genes across processing units of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Our findings indicate that each approach offers unique insights into the viral community and functional composition. Their combined use proved effective in elucidating WWTP viromes. We identified nearly 50,000 viral contigs, with Cressdnaviricota and Uroviricota being the predominant phyla in the VPC and NC fractions, respectively. Notably, two pathogenic viral families, Asfarviridae and Adenoviridae, were commonly found in these WWTPs. We also observed significant differences in the viromes of WWTPs processing different types of wastewater. Additionally, various phage‐derived auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were active at the RNA level, contributing to the metabolism of the microbial community, particularly in carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus cycling. Moreover, we identified 29 virus‐carried antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) with potential for host transfer, highlighting the role of viruses in spreading ARGs in the environment. Overall, this study provides a detailed and integrated view of the virosphere in three WWTPs through the application of VPC and NC metagenomic approaches. Our findings enhance the understanding of viral communities, offering valuable insights for optimizing the operation and regulation of wastewater treatment systems.

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The first evidence of hepatitis A virus subgenotype IIIA in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, 1982–1983

Moreira

Malheiros

Barbosa

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a major causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide. Although discovered in 1973, due to limitations of applicable serological and/or molecular methods, HAV remained under limited diagnosis until the late 1980s. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the serological and molecular prevalence of the HAV infection among 421 (n = 421) patients with a clinical and laboratory suspicion of acute hepatitis who were admitted in a reference laboratory in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon during 1982 and 1983. The 421 serum samples were screened for anti-HAV IgM antibodies by enzymatic immunoassays. Positive samples were submitted to total RNA purification and tested by Nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to amplify the HAV-RNA VP1-2A (522 bp) region. Anti-HAV IgM antibodies were detected in 66% (278/421) of the patients. The highest prevalence was observed among males (57.9%, 161/278), and most often among children under 10 years old (63.3%, 176/278). HAV-RNA was detected in 74.4% (207/ 278) of anti-HAV IgM positive samples. HAV genotyping was performed in 71 samples, and 69 were classified into subgenotype IA. Two samples belonged to the HAV subgenotype IIIA. In this sense, retrospective studies can help in understanding the evolution and determination of wild genotypes and subtypes of HAV.

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Evolutionary biology of human hepatitis viruses

Cited by 60 publications

References 252 publications

Highly diversified shrew hepatitis B viruses corroborate ancient origins and divergent infection patterns of mammalian hepadnaviruses

Highly diversified shrew hepatitis B viruses corroborate ancient origins and divergent infection patterns of mammalian hepadnaviruses

A panoramic view of the virosphere in three wastewater treatment plants by integrating viral‐like particle‐concentrated and traditional non‐concentrated metagenomic approaches

The first evidence of hepatitis A virus subgenotype IIIA in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, 1982–1983

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