Evolution of the RF characteristics of the impulsive noise in high voltage environment

Wide Band Time-Correlated Model for Wireless Communications under Impulsive Noise within Power Substation

“…Although the Middleton models are often used in communication studies, they might be inappropriate for representing the substation environment. The Class-A model might be able to generate samples of impulsive noise, but so far, there is no reliable way to generate samples that produce a noise spectrum similar to the measurements performed in [7], [9] and that emulate the time-correlated nature of the interferences in power substation [9].…”

“…Our previous works have studied the noise in power substation for the 800 MHz -2.5 GHz band that contains many of the wireless frequencies carriers and the power of the impulses was greater than the sensitivity range of classic wireless receivers [7], [9]. If the impulses are powerful enough to be detected by any commercial wireless devices, then, an increase of the impulse duration, amplitude and occurrence will increase the impulsive noise power, which is more likely to interfere with the wireless communications and to disturb the electrical network in smart grid applications.…”

“…In order to adapt digital wireless communications to the interferences within substations, the receivers must be implemented with a reliable sampled model of impulsive noise; moreover some classic wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wimax, LTE, must be considered, which requires a wide band model. From our previous studies [9], [7], we have observed that impulsive noise in power substations is composed of series of damped oscillations, which implies that the samples of the impulses are correlated, so an appropriate noise model should replicate such a correlation between the samples. The existing measurement campaigns in substations [9] have also revealed that impulsive noise has arXiv:1305.4095v1 [cs.NI] 17 May 2013 characteristics, i.e the duration, the amplitude and the occurrence times of the impulses, that have particular distributions; any model should thus be able to replicate similar distributions.…”

Performance Analysis of DF Cooperative Relaying Over Bursty Impulsive Noise Channel

“…This could be accomplished by deploying a wireless sensor network (WSN) [6], [7] where the deployed sensor nodes collect information from the pieces of equipment, and send their sensed information to the remote smart grid monitoring center for further process. In such applications, the generated impulsive noise from the substation equipment that affects the wireless links between the sensor nodes displays a bursty behaviour as observed in experimental measurements [4]. The models commonly used in the literature to represent impulsive noise are either Middleton class-A [1] or BernoulliGaussian [8].…”

“…For example, in power substations the noise emitted from power equipments, such as transformers, busbars, circuit-breakers, and switch-gears are impulsive [2]- [4]. For smart grid technology [5], in order to assist the electricity transportation via control, interaction with, and monitoring of power equipment from outside the station, a communication network must be operational within the substation.…”