Evolution of the Kinematic Structure within a Meso-β-Scale Convective System in the Growing and Mature Stages

Akaeda, Kenji; Yokoyama, Tatsuo; Tabata, Akira; Ishihara, Masahito; Sakakibara, Hitoshi

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<2664:eotksw>2.0.co;2

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The properties of MbCSs also exhibited a significant relationship with their speed. Akaeda et al (1991) analyzed an MbCS around the Okinawa Islands, and they pointed out that the characteristics of the MbCS in a fast-moving stage (>7 m/s) were different from those in a stationary stage. According to Barnes and Sieckman (1984), the upward transportation of horizontal momentum near the leading edge of a fast-moving MbCS is three times larger than that in a slow-moving MbCS.…”

Section: Detailed Characteristics Of Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous observational studies of MbCSs around the Meiyu/ Baiu front, have focused on the importance of deep convection (DC). Many studies have documented the importance of downdrafts in the lower troposphere for the maintenance of DC over western Japan (Akaeda et al 1991;Ishihara et al 1995;Takahashi et al 1996). On the other hand, Geng et al (2004) reported that the horizontal wind convergence, enhanced by the northeasterly inflow around an altitude of 4 km, was important for the formation of an intense rainband along the surface front over the Yangtze River basin, China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Mesoscale Convective Systems over the East Part of Continental China during the Meiyu from 2001 to 2003

Zhang

Uyeda

Yamada

et al. 2006

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Hefei Doppler radar observation data over the downstream region of the Yangtze River during the Meiyu period from 2001 to 2003, were analyzed in order to reveal the predominant structural characteristics of meso-b-scale convective systems (MbCSs) around the Meiyu front. Convective and stratiform portions were separated from MbCSs using the bright-band fraction (BBF) method. The daily and yearly mean vertical profiles of radar reflectivity for the convective portion were calculated.Results showed that the vertical profile of the convective portion of MbCSs for 3 years was characterized by low altitude of radar reflectivity peaks (around 3 km), and large decrease of reflectivity with height above the melting level. To understand these characteristics of MbCSs, the convection of medium depth (CMD) is defined as a group of convective cells whose echo top height, with the reflectivity of 15 dBZ, is equal to or less than 8 km, and in which the reflectivity peak is below 4 km throughout their lifetime.To investigate the structural characteristics of MbCSs around the Meiyu front, observed MbCSs were categorized into slow-moving (a 3 m s À1 ) and south-of-front (SSF) type, slow-moving and along-the-front (SAF) type, fast-moving (b 7 m s À1 ) and along-the-front (FAF) type, and slow-moving and north-of-front (SNF) type; according to their movement speed, and their locations relative to the surface front. The predominant convection in the SSF type was the CMD, and it covered 51% of the convective area. The CMD and deep convections (DC) coexisted in the SAF, with the CMD covering 34% of convective area. TheCorresponding author: Cheng-Zhong Zhang, Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. E-mail: zhang@rain.hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp ( 2006, Meteorological Society of Japan FAF type was organized from the DC, and the SNF type primarily consisted of the CMD. The environmental conditions under which the SSF type formed were characterized by a weak wind convergence (<2 Â 10 À5 s À1 ) near the surface, a low level of neutral buoyancy and humid atmosphere below the middle level. The large contribution of the CMD to convective rainfall amount in the SSF type, and its unnegligible contribution in the SAF type, indicate that the CMD has one of the main structures of the Meiyu frontal convective precipitation systems.

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Section: Detailed Characteristics Of Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Mesoscale Convective Systems over the East Part of Continental China during the Meiyu from 2001 to 2003

Zhang

Uyeda

Yamada

et al. 2006

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…In the dissipating CC described in this paper, evaporation cooling was weak and was not likely to initiate the shallow convection. It is inferred that a certain fraction of the CCs and MCSs are not significantly affected by the evaporation cooling around the East China Sea, although some authours reported cases in which evaporation cooling is essential to the maintenance mechanism of the CC (Akaeda et al 1991;Ishihara et al 1995;Kawashima et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Houze et al (1989) presented a refined conceptual model of a squall-line type MCS with a trailing stratiform area based mainly on the results of Doppler-radar observations. This type of maintenance mechanism is also found in an MCS that consists of a CC near Okinawa Island (Akaeda et al 1991) and over Kyushu Island (Ishihara et al 1995;Kawashima et al 1995), both in the vicinity of the East China Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a Dissipating Cloud Cluster over the East China Sea: A TRMM-Aircraft Simultaneous Observation

Nakai

Nakamura

Minda

et al. 2004

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and a dropsonde-equipped aircraft made simultaneous observations of a cloud cluster (CC) over the East China Sea. Hourly GMS equivalent blackbody temperature (TBB) showed that the CC was in the dissipating stage. The structure of the CC was analyzed using TRMM, dropsonde and rawinsonde data. The cloud top of the CC was an anvil composed of a dense area and a thin area. The precipitation within the cloud area of the CC (defined by TBB < À30 C) was stratiform, and corresponded to the dense anvil area of the CC. The thin anvil area extended to the outside of an apparent CC cloud area. The CC had a multi-layer structure, and shallow convection developed below the thin anvil in the convectively unstable lower troposphere with low-level convergence. The echo top of the shallow convection was less than 4 km (630 hPa). The shallow convection generated an outflow from its upper part. The outflow blew into the area of negative pressure anomaly below the dense anvil at levels of 650 hPa and 750 hPa. Meanwhile, a southeasterly dry wind blew into the stratiform precipitation area of the CC at levels between 700 hPa and 850 hPa. The dry inflow was cooled by evaporation within the precipitation of the CC, resulting in the formation of the negative potential temperature anomaly. Evaporation cooling occurred in the stratiform precipitation region; however, the negative potential temperature anomaly did not reach the surface. It is inferred that the evaporation cooling was not important to the initiation of the shallow convection, although it affected the structure of the CC.

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“…It has been recognized that a cloud cluster is composed of several mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), whose structure has been studied for various regions (Houze, 1977;Zipser, 1977;Leary and Houze, 1979a;Ishihara, 1985;Smull and Houze, 1987;Akaeda et al, 1991;Mori, 1992;Keenan and Rutledge, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doppler Radar Observations on the Structure and Characteristics of Tropical Clouds during TOGA-COARE IOP in Manus, Papua New Guinea

Satoh

Kinoshita

Uyeda

1995

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Evolution of the Kinematic Structure within a Meso-β-Scale Convective System in the Growing and Mature Stages

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Characteristics of Mesoscale Convective Systems over the East Part of Continental China during the Meiyu from 2001 to 2003

Characteristics of Mesoscale Convective Systems over the East Part of Continental China during the Meiyu from 2001 to 2003

Characteristics of a Dissipating Cloud Cluster over the East China Sea: A TRMM-Aircraft Simultaneous Observation

Doppler Radar Observations on the Structure and Characteristics of Tropical Clouds during TOGA-COARE IOP in Manus, Papua New Guinea

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