Evolution of Principle and Practice of Electrodeposited Thin Film: A Review on Effect of Temperature and Sonication

Mallik, Archana; Ray, Bankim Chandra

doi:10.4061/2011/568023

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 114 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(2) the cations enter the discharge region, which is within about 1-1000 Å from the cathode surface and where the cations receive electrons and turn to atoms; (3) the atoms diffuse to the cathode and then attach onto the cathode surface at energetically favorable sites and (4) the atoms aggregate and/or react to each other to form nuclei of an element, an alloy or a compound; the nuclei grow to grains and eventually result in the formation of a film on the surface of the cathode [27][28][29][30]. As a consequence of such a transport-adsorption-nucleation growth process, the grain size, morphology Figure 1.…”

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrodeposition typically involves four steps as schematically represented in Figure 2a: (1) Cations in the electrolyte are driven by the electric field and transport toward the cathode; (2) the cations enter the discharge region, which is within about 1-1000 Å from the cathode surface and where the cations receive electrons and turn to atoms; (3) the atoms diffuse to the cathode and then attach onto the cathode surface at energetically favorable sites and (4) the atoms aggregate and/or react to each other to form nuclei of an element, an alloy or a compound; the nuclei grow to grains and eventually result in the formation of a film on the surface of the cathode [27][28][29][30]. As a consequence of such a transport-adsorption-nucleation growth process, the grain size, morphology (i.e., microstructure), crystal structure and quality (e.g., the density and homogeneity) of films produced with an electrodeposition method are related to multiple factors, which primarily include:…”

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrodeposition Fabrication of Chalcogenide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrodeposition, which features low cost, easy scale-up, good control in the composition and great flexible substrate compatibility, is a favorable technique for producing thin films. This paper reviews the use of the electrodeposition technique for the fabrication of several representative chalcogenides that have been widely used in photovoltaic devices. The review focuses on narrating the mechanisms for the formation of films and the key factors that affect the morphology, composition, crystal structure and electric and photovoltaic properties of the films. The review ends with a remark section addressing some of the key issues in the electrodeposition method towards creating high quality chalcogenide films.

show abstract

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition Fabrication of Chalcogenide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The deposition of material species involves the reduction of ions in the solution, such as

+ Ze →

. The seemingly simple single reaction requires pre- and post-complex steps before contributing to the whole deposition process, as depicted in Figure 14 [ 92 ]. This is a reaction of charged particles at the interface between a solid metal and a liquid solution.…”

Section: Synthesis Of P-type Mox Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

P-Type Metal Oxide Semiconductor Thin Films: Synthesis and Chemical Sensor Applications

Moumen

Kumarage

Comini

2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review focuses on the synthesis of p-type metal-oxide (p-type MOX) semiconductor thin films, such as CuO, NiO, Co3O4, and Cr2O3, used for chemical-sensing applications. P-type MOX thin films exhibit several advantages over n-type MOX, including a higher catalytic effect, low humidity dependence, and improved recovery speed. However, the sensing performance of CuO, NiO, Co3O4, and Cr2O3 thin films is strongly related to the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the material and the thickness of these MOX thin films. The latter is heavily dependent on synthesis techniques. Many techniques used for growing p-MOX thin films are reviewed herein. Physical vapor-deposition techniques (PVD), such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, thermal oxidation, and molecular-beam epitaxial (MBE) growth were investigated, along with chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Liquid-phase routes, including sol–gel-assisted dip-and-spin coating, spray pyrolysis, and electrodeposition, are also discussed. A review of each technique, as well as factors that affect the physicochemical properties of p-type MOX thin films, such as morphology, crystallinity, defects, and grain size, is presented. The sensing mechanism describing the surface reaction of gases with MOX is also discussed. The sensing characteristics of CuO, NiO, Co3O4, and Cr2O3 thin films, including their response, sensor kinetics, stability, selectivity, and repeatability are reviewed. Different chemical compounds, including reducing gases (such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), H2, and NH3) and oxidizing gases, such as CO2, NO2, and O3, were analyzed. Bulk doping, surface decoration, and heterostructures are some of the strategies for improving the sensing capabilities of the suggested pristine p-type MOX thin films. Future trends to overcome the challenges of p-type MOX thin-film chemical sensors are also presented.

show abstract

“…The entire procedure involves a series of reactions, including mass transfer between the bulk electrolyte and the transfer of electrons. Broadly, the first step includes the arrival and adsorption of anions at the electrode, while the second is the motion of the adatoms on the substrate surface, discussed in detail in [26]. The method of electrodeposition for thermoelectric materials has been reviewed by Xiao et al [27].…”

Section: Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Film Thermoelectric Materials for Sensor Applications: An Overview

Bali

Chetty

Mallik

2015

Thin Film Structures in Energy Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The modern world depends completely on electricity, the demand for which is increasing day by day. However, carbon-based fuels for power generation and transportation being currently used, e.g., coal, petroleum, etc., are expected to ultimately deplete, due to which there is an urgent need for non-conventional energy sources. At the same time, a large (~60 %) amount of heat is wasted from these industries and vehicles, which will increase further with economic growth and industrialization. Other renewable sources have their own limitations and many are region-specific. Thermoelectric (TE) materials are a means of utilization of waste heat on a small scale by directly converting it into electricity. The generated voltage also finds application in several types of sensors. In addition, these materials can be used for cooling, which is equivalent to direct conversion of electricity into heat, without using any harmful chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases. This chapter is intended to give an overview of thin film thermoelectric materials with a focus on their application as different sensors.The chapter is divided into six sections. Section 7.1 introduces the phenomenon of thermoelectricity-Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects, and the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT). Section 7.2 deals with the basics of transport properties, while in Sect. 7.3 the different strategies to improve zT are briefly summarized. Section 7.4 describes the need of going towards lower dimensions, i.e., the thin film state, for improvement of zT. Different fabrication methods are summarized in Sect. 7.5. Finally, in Sect. 7.6, application of thermoelectric thin films as different types of sensors is described.

show abstract

Evolution of Principle and Practice of Electrodeposited Thin Film: A Review on Effect of Temperature and Sonication

Cited by 30 publications

References 114 publications

Electrodeposition Fabrication of Chalcogenide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

Electrodeposition Fabrication of Chalcogenide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

P-Type Metal Oxide Semiconductor Thin Films: Synthesis and Chemical Sensor Applications

Thin Film Thermoelectric Materials for Sensor Applications: An Overview

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About