Evolution of precipitates, in particular cruciform and cuboid particles, during simulated direct charging of thin slab cast vanadium microalloyed steels

Baker, T. N.; Li, Y.; Wilson, J. A.; Craven, A. J.; Crowther, D. N.

doi:10.1179/026708304225016743

Cited by 33 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…208 The vanadium steels he considered were all studied by Li et al 56,176,177 It is of interest to note that no observations of interphase precipitation were recorded in this work. In V-N steel (0?10V-0?022N, wt-%), following a low equalisation treatment at 1050uC, cuboidal precipitates were observed along austenite grain boundaries (Fig.…”

Section: Thin Slab Cast and Direct Rolling Processed Steelsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In fact, the work showed that sub-15 nm particles were nitrogen rich carbonitrides which do not appear to coarsen during the final stages of processing. 154,[175][176][177][178] The carbon extraction replica technique has the advantage of giving good contrast for extracted particles, low background for analysis using PEELS and EDX spectroscopy, and no perturbation of the optical properties of the objective lens from the ferromagnetic material in a typical foil specimen. However, there is some uncertainty about the extraction efficiency for the smallest particles, as very few were found with sizes ,4 nm.…”

Section: Methods For Analysis Chemical Composition Of Vanadium Precipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20). 177 TiN acting as a core nucleant for V and Nb precipitates is now a well established observation and has attracted some modelling, 209 based on the N rich core and C rich shell. This approach does not fit the above experimental data but does mirror the results of Hong et al…”

Section: Thin Slab Cast and Direct Rolling Processed Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processes, microstructure and properties of vanadium microalloyed steels

Baker

2009

Materials Science and Technology

238

111

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Vanadium as an important alloying element in steels was initially associated with the properties achieved following tempering. Interest in the microstructure was stimulated by the advent of transmission electron microscopes with a resolution of y1 nm together with selected area electron diffraction techniques. A second timely development was that of controlled rolling, particularly of plate and sheet products. The scope of this review will include the historical background on quenched and tempered vanadium steels, precipitation during isothermal aging, conventional controlled rolling and during thin slab direct charging and the development of strength and toughness in vanadium microalloyed steels. The characterisation of microstructure, in particular the methods for the analysis of the chemical composition of precipitates has progressed since the availability of X-ray energy dispersive analysis in the 1970s, and the role played by electron energy loss spectroscopy in providing quantitative analysis of carbon and nitrogen in vanadium microalloyed steels will be presented. There are still many topics involving vanadium microalloyed steels that are controversial. These include the nucleation sequence of homogeneous precipitates of vanadium carbonitride and whether this occurs coherently, the composition of the vanadium precipitates, the nucleation mechanism for interphase precipitation, the importance of strain induced precipitation in austenite of vanadium carbonitride, the contributions of both interphase precipitation and random precipitation in ferrite to the yield strength, and the role of the process route parameters in developing properties. These topics will be considered in this paper which concentrates on hot rolled vanadium microalloyed steels placed in the context of pertinent research on other alloys.

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Section: Thin Slab Cast and Direct Rolling Processed Steelsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methods For Analysis Chemical Composition Of Vanadium Precipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processes, microstructure and properties of vanadium microalloyed steels

Baker

2009

Materials Science and Technology

238

111

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“…Titanium additions to microalloyed steels increased the toughness of the steel because the formation of nanoscale, cruciform precipitates removed nitrogen, vanadium and niobium that ordinarily would have precipitated in ferrite as dispersion hardening particles and kept the material toughness low (15). Nanosized (15 nm) dispersoids of Al 7 Cr played a major role in pinning subboundaries thus allowing superplasticity to occur in an Al-Mg-Mn alloy (24) while boron additions to Type 347 stainless steels caused enhanced the precipitation of carbonitrides and nanosized borides which increased the creep strength (18) by inhibiting grain boundary sliding.…”

Section: Traditional Metallurgy Nanoparticles and The Relatively Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A glance at the recent materials engineering and science literature demonstrates the wide spread industrial application of nanotechnologies by the traditional metallurgists. By controlling the formation of nanoparticles in various alloys, researchers have increased material toughness (15,16), strength (16,17) and creep (18) and fatigue (16) resistance, improved age hardening kinetics (17,19), increased the quality of hot-isostatically pressed super alloys (20), improved the mechanical properties of cast alloys (21), developed superior shape memory characteristics (22), increased the work hardening rates (23) and induced superplasticity (24).…”

Section: Traditional Metallurgy Nanoparticles and The Relatively Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Metallurgy, Nanotechnologies, and Structural Materials: A Sorby Award Lecture

Louthan

2007

J Fail. Anal. and Preven.

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Traditional metallurgical processes are among the many "old fashion" practices that use nanoparticles to control the behavior of materials. Many of these practices were developed long before microscopy could resolve nanoscale features, yet the practitioners learned to manipulate and control microstructural elements that they could neither see nor identify. Furthermore, these early practitioners used that control to modify microstructures and develop desired material properties. Centuries old colored glass, ancient high strength steels and medieval organ pipes derived many of their desirable features through control of nanoparticles in their microstructures. Henry Sorby was among the first to recognize that the properties of rocks, minerals, metals and organic materials were controlled by microstructure. However, Mr. Sorby was accused of the folly of trying to study mountains with a microscope. Although he could not resolve nanoscale microstructural features, Mr. Sorby's observations revolutionized the study of materials.The importance of nanoscale microstructural elements should be emphasized, however, because the present foundation for structural materials was built by manipulating those features. That foundation currently supports several multibillion dollar industries but is not generally considered when the nanomaterials revolution is discussed. This lecture demonstrates that using nanotechnologies to control the behavior of metallic materials is almost as old as the practice of metallurgy and that many of the emergent nanomaterials technologists are walking along pathways previously paved by traditional metallurgists.

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