Evolution of Photovoltaic Performance in Fully Printable Mesoscopic Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Hole‐conductor–free carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) are a promising candidate for commercialization due to low cost, simple, and industry applicable fabrication methods. However, when measuring the photovoltaic parameters of these cells, they do not achieve their maximal performance immediately following their fabrication, but rather require a certain maturation period. Herein, the natural and induced changes that occur in C‐PSCs are studied after their fabrication is complete. It is observed that the current density increases by natural maturation, and the open‐circuit voltage increases by light‐soaking treatment. Using charge extraction, intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, and voltage decay measurements during the three steps of maturation, it is possible to observe some changes in crystallization and surface traps, which are the cause for the evolution in the photovoltaic parameters. Moreover, in the case of two‐step deposition, the cells achieve their final performance already as fresh cells in contrast to the case of one‐step deposition cells. The conclusions offer practical information regarding the preparation and optimal measurement conditions of C‐PSCs as well as possible prospects for the improvement and optimization of this cell type.

Green energy by recoverable triple-oxide mesostructured perovskite photovoltaics

“…mpITO Scaffold Slide Preparation. The slides were prepared similarly to a previously described procedure (35). In brief, FTO-coated slides were etched to segregate anodal and cathodal areas.…”

“…CE and IMVS. CE and IMVS measurements were carried out by an Autolab potentiostat galvanostat instrument through a previously published procedure (35).…”

Green solvent engineering for enhanced performance and reproducibility in printed carbon-based mesoscopic perovskite solar cells and modules

“…Precursors continue to percolate into the stack in the initial stages of annealing, and very fast nucleation or crystal growth at heat onset can produce blockages, preventing full infiltration. 42 Larger colloidal networks can be prone to faster nucleation, and the high volatility of MeOH could exacerbate this. To observe whether MeOH inclusion impacted on the speed of perovskite nucleation and crystal growth, the crystallisation of GVL and GVL-10MeOH based precursors was monitored during initial CPSC infiltration and perovskite annealing.…”

Photovoltaic Recovery of All Printable Mesoporous‐Carbon‐based Perovskite Solar Cells

“…[ 10,25,26 ] In carbon‐based perovskite solar cells, the one‐step deposition is more frequently used [ 21,22,24,27 ] compared with the two‐step deposition. [ 28,29 ] The use of two‐step deposition can be advantageous for mC‐PSCs as there are more options for selection of solvents for the deposition, better control over the pore filling, which is critical in this solar cell structure, and improved reproducibility. [ 30,31 ] It allows better control of the perovskite morphology for improved cell performance, compared with one‐step deposition, [ 32–34 ] and the development of stable Sn‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs).…”