Perovskite solar cells have developed into a promising branch of renewable energy. A combination of feasible manufacturing and renewable modules can offer an attractive advancement to this field. Herein, a screen-printed three-layered all-nanoparticle network was developed as a rigid framework for a perovskite active layer. This matrix enables perovskite to percolate and form a complementary photoactive network. Two porous conductive oxide layers, separated by a porous insulator, serve as a chemically stable substrate for the cells. Cells prepared using this scaffold structure demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of 11.08% with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.988 V. Being fully oxidized, the scaffold demonstrated a striking thermal and chemical stability, allowing for the removal of the perovskite while keeping the substrate intact. The application of a new perovskite in lieu of a degraded one exhibited a full regeneration of all photovoltaic performances. Exclusive recycling of the photoactive materials from solar cells paves a path for more sustainable green energy production in the future.
Lead halide perovskites attract much attention in recent years as a realistic solution for efficient and low‐cost solar cells. One of the interesting solar cell structures is the fully mesoporous‐carbon‐based perovskite solar cells. The mesoporous layers can be fabricated entirely by screen printing with the potential for upscaling. Herein, the two‐step deposition of perovskite in mesoporous‐carbon‐based perovskite solar cells is studied. The influence of the dipping time on the photovoltaic parameters is investigated using charge extraction and intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) measurements. A power conversion efficiency of 15% is observed for cells fabricated using two‐step deposition which is one of the highest reported for this solar cell structure. Stability characterizations at maximum power point (MPP) tracking show degradation with time, however a complete recovery of the devices in the dark is revealed. Analyzing the mechanism for this shows that the perovskite's unit cell shrinks during the recovery process due to internal stress relief. This interesting phenomenon opens the possibility to optimize the stability of these solar cells for commercial applications.
In this work we present a fully printable mesoporous indium tin oxide (ITO) perovskite solar cell. The solar cell structure consists of triple-oxide screen-printed mesoporous layers. In this structure, the perovskite is not forming a separate layer but fills the pores of the triple-oxide structure. The perovskite is utilized as both the light harvester and a hole transporting material. One of the advantageous of this solar cell structure is the transparent contact (mesoporous ITO) which permit the use of this cell structure in bifacial configuration without the need for additional layers or thinner counter electrode. We performed photovoltaic (PV) measurements on both sides (i.e. ITO-side and glass-side), where the glass side show 15.3% efficiency compare to 4.4% of the ITO-side. Further study of the mechanism shows that the dominant mechanism when illuminating from the glass-side is Shockley-Read-Hall recombination in the bulk, while illuminating from the ITO-side show recombination in multiple traps and inter gap defect distribution which explain the poor PV performance of the ITO-side. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shed more light on the resistance and capacitance. Finally, we demonstrate 18.3% efficiency in bifacial configuration. This work shows a fully printable, large-scale suitable solar cell structure which can function in bifacial configuration.
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