Evolution of nonclassical MHC-dependent invariant T cells

Edholm, Eva-Stina; Grayfer, Leon; Robert, Jacques

doi:10.1007/s00018-014-1701-5

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…Recent work focusing on one of the isotypes, xnc10, has shown that NKT cells bearing an invariant TCR α-chain use this class Ib molecule as a restricting element, aiding in responses to tumour and viral antigens (see below for clarification; mammalian NKT cells use the nonclassical MHC class I molecules CD1 and MR1 as restricting elements 129 ). Ancient nonclassical class I lineages in bony fish and cartilaginous fish are candidates for recognition by NKT-like cells or for other non-immune functions as shown in mammals 130,131 . For example, despite the general rapid evolution of the bony fish, there are deep lineages of MHC class I molecules, especially the so-called Z lineage in which the peptide-binding region is extremely conserved in all species 132 .…”

Section: Evolution Of the Mhcmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity

2018

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The adaptive immune system arose 500 million years ago in ectothermic (cold-blooded) vertebrates. Classically, the adaptive immune system has been defined by the presence of lymphocytes expressing recombination-activating gene (RAG)-dependent antigen receptors and the MHC. These features are found in all jawed vertebrates, including cartilaginous and bony fish, amphibians and reptiles and are most likely also found in the oldest class of jawed vertebrates, the extinct placoderms. However, with the discovery of an adaptive immune system in jawless fish based on an entirely different set of antigen receptors — the variable lymphocyte receptors — the divergence of T and B cells, and perhaps innate-like lymphocytes, goes back to the origin of all vertebrates. This Review explores how recent developments in comparative immunology have furthered our understanding of the origins and function of the adaptive immune system.

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Section: Evolution Of the Mhcmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity

2018

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“…In addition, unlike zebrafish, T cells develop within 2 weeks of age in X. laevis tadpoles. Furthermore, the majority of these T cells are so-called innate T cells expressing semi-invariant T cell receptors that are restricted by MHC class-I-like molecules [reviewed in (Edholm et al 2014; Robert and Edholm 2014)]. Specifically, deep-sequencing has revealed that 80% of CD8 intermediate and CD8 negative T cells express 6 invariant TCRα rearrangements (Edholm et al 2013).…”

Section: 3 Evolutionary Conservation Of M1/m2-like Functional Hetermentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Aspects of Macrophages Polarization

Edholm

Rhoo

Robert

2017

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation

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Macrophages constitute a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells that are essential for maintaining homeostasis and as a first line of innate responders controlling and organizing host defenses against pathogens. Monocyte–macrophage lineage cells are among the most functionally diverse and plastic cells of the immune system. They undergo specific activation into functionally distinct phenotypes in response to immune signals and microbial products. In mammals, macrophage functional heterogeneity is defined by two activation states, M1 and M2, which represent two polar ends of a continuum exhibiting pro-inflammatory and tissue repair activities, respectively. While the ancient evolutionary origin of macrophages as phagocytic defenders is well established, the evolutionary roots of the specialized division of macrophages into subsets with polarized activation phenotypes is less well defined. Accordingly, this chapter focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the evolution of macrophage polarization and functional heterogeneity with a focus on ectothermic vertebrates.

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“…This observation can at least partly be explained by the expression of several distinct XNC genes in the tadpole thymus at the onset of thymic organogenesis ((Goyos et al 2011); Edholm and Robert, unpublished observation). Many of these XNCs are preferentially expressed on thymocytes, and their gene expression is maintained through metamorphosis as well as in the fully matured adult thymus ((Edholm et al 2014b); Edholm and Robert, unpublished observation). These expression patterns suggest that tadpoles have a functional and specialized larval T cell compartment that follows a differentiation program distinct from that of the adult.…”

Section: Insight Into the Evolution Of Mhc Class I-like-restricted Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of innate-like T cells and their selection by MHC class I-like molecules

2016

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Until recently, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like-restricted innate-like αβT (iT) cells expressing an invariant or semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire were thought to be a recent evolutionary acquisition restricted to mammals. However, molecular and functional studies in Xenopus laevis have demonstrated that iT cells, defined as MHC class I-like-restricted innate-like αβT cells with a semi-invariant TCR, are evolutionarily conserved and prominent from early development in amphibians. As these iT cells lack the specificity conferred by conventional αβ TCRs, it is generally considered that they are specialized to recognize conserved antigens equivalent to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Thus, one advantage offered by the MHC class I-like iTcell-based recognition system is that it can be adapted to a common pathogen and function on the basis of a relatively small number of T cells. Although iT cells have only been functionally described in mammals and amphibians, the identification of non-classical MHC/MHC class I-like genes in other groups of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates suggests that iT cells have a broader phylogenetic distribution than previously envisioned. In this review, we discuss the possible role of iT cells during the emergence of the jawed vertebrate adaptive immune system.

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Evolution of nonclassical MHC-dependent invariant T cells

Cited by 15 publications

References 139 publications

A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity

A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity

Evolutionary Aspects of Macrophages Polarization

Evolution of innate-like T cells and their selection by MHC class I-like molecules

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