Evolution of maternal control of axial patterning in insects

Lynch, Jeremy A.

doi:10.1016/j.cois.2018.07.011

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…It is therefore possible that the embryonic defects that we observe are due to similar dysregulation of the maternal-to-zygotic transition. We do also observe patterning defects that may be due to mis-localisation or mis-expression of maternal factors that are required to establish polarity of the embryo and the segmentation cascade (Lynch 2019;Sachs et al 2015;Pechmann et al 2021). Consistent with 5-azacytidine treatment causing disruption of the embryonic axes we do observe mis-expression of Ap-vasa at the anterior and dorsal surface of some embryos.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

DNA methylation machinery is involved in development and reproduction in the viviparous pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

Yoon,

Williams,

Duncan

2024

Preprint

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The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) like the majority of extant aphids displays cyclical parthenogenesis - the ability of mothers to switch the reproductive mode of their offspring from reproducing parthenogenetically to sexually in response to environmental cues. The pea aphid genome encodes two paralogs of the de novo DNA methyltransferase gene, dnmt3a and dnmt3x. Here we show, using phylogenetic analysis, that this gene duplication event occurred at least 106 million years ago, likely after the divergence of the lineage leading to the Aphidomorpha (aphids, phylloxera and adelgids) from that leading to the scale insects (Coccoidea) and that the two paralogs are maintained in the genomes of all aphids examined. We also show that the mRNA of both dnmt3 paralogs are maternally expressed in the viviparous aphid ovary. During development both paralogs are expressed in the germ cells of embryos beginning at stage 5 and persisting throughout development. Chemical inhibition of the DNA methylation machinery leads to defects of oocytes and early stage embryos, and causes a proportion of later stage embryos to be born dead or die soon after birth. These phenotypes suggest a role for DNA methyltransferases in reproduction, consistent with that seen in other insects. Taking the vast evolutionary history of the dnmt3 paralogs, and the localization of their mRNAs in the ovary, we suggest there is a role for dnmt3a and/or dnmt3x in early development, and a role for DNA methylation machinery in the reproduction and development of the viviparous pea aphid.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

DNA methylation machinery is involved in development and reproduction in the viviparous pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

Yoon,

Williams,

Duncan

2024

Preprint

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Spatially expressed WIP genes control Arabidopsis embryonic root development

Roldán

Haraghi

et al. 2022

Nat. Plants

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DNA methylation machinery is involved in development and reproduction in the viviparous pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

Yoon,

Williams,

Duncan

2024

Insect Molecular Biology

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Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, have been proposed to mediate plastic responses in insects. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), like the majority of extant aphids, displays cyclical parthenogenesis ‐ the ability of mothers to switch the reproductive mode of their offspring from reproducing parthenogenetically to sexually in response to environmental cues. The pea aphid genome encodes two paralogs of the de novo DNA methyltransferase gene, dnmt3a and dnmt3x. Here we show, using phylogenetic analysis, that this gene duplication event occurred at least 150 million years ago, likely after the divergence of the lineage leading to the Aphidomorpha (phylloxerans, adelgids and true aphids) from that leading to the scale insects (Coccomorpha) and that the two paralogs are maintained in the genomes of all aphids examined. We also show that the mRNA of both dnmt3 paralogs is maternally expressed in the viviparous aphid ovary. During development both paralogs are expressed in the germ cells of embryos beginning at stage 5 and persisting throughout development. Treatment with 5‐azactyidine, a chemical that generally inhibits the DNA methylation machinery, leads to defects of oocytes and early‐stage embryos and causes a proportion of later stage embryos to be born dead or die soon after birth. These phenotypes suggest a role for DNA methyltransferases in reproduction, consistent with that seen in other insects. Taking the vast evolutionary history of the dnmt3 paralogs, and the localisation of their mRNAs in the ovary, we suggest there is a role for dnmt3a and/or dnmt3x in early development, and a role for DNA methylation machinery in reproduction and development of the viviparous pea aphid.

show abstract

Evolution of maternal control of axial patterning in insects

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

DNA methylation machinery is involved in development and reproduction in the viviparous pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

DNA methylation machinery is involved in development and reproduction in the viviparous pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

Spatially expressed WIP genes control Arabidopsis embryonic root development

DNA methylation machinery is involved in development and reproduction in the viviparous pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

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