Evolution of lymphoid tissues

Boehm, Thomas; Hess, Isabell; Swann, Jeremy B.

doi:10.1016/j.it.2012.02.005

Cited by 104 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…The spleen is present in bony fish, amphibians, and reptiles, although in a less complex organization than that observed in mammals (14, 44). The development of the splenic white pulp cords that starts at birth in mice (45–48) and after 15 weeks of gestation in humans (49) does not require LTi cells or LTα1β2 (14, 44, 50, 51).…”

Section: Lymphoid Stromal Cell Differentiation In Slos and Tlsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…TLS form within non-lymphoid tissue in response to specific pathogenic events (6–8) and are commonly found, in adult life, at sites of chronic inflammation and cancer (9–12). It is likely that the capacity to form TLS preceded the development of SLO during evolution, as a tool to accumulate innate immune cells at sites of inflammation in non-vertebrates and lower vertebrates, such as birds, amphibians, and reptiles (13, 14). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stromal Fibroblasts in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: A Novel Target in Chronic Inflammation

et al. 2016

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Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized aggregates of lymphocytes, myeloid, and stromal cells that provide ectopic hubs for acquired immune responses. TLS share phenotypical and functional features with secondary lymphoid organs (SLO); however, they require persistent inflammatory signals to arise and are often observed at target sites of autoimmune disease, chronic infection, cancer, and organ transplantation. Over the past 10 years, important progress has been made in our understanding of the role of stromal fibroblasts in SLO development, organization, and function. A complex and stereotyped series of events regulate fibroblast differentiation from embryonic life in SLOs to lymphoid organ architecture observed in adults. In contrast, TLS-associated fibroblasts differentiate from postnatal, locally activated mesenchyme, predominantly in settings of inflammation and persistent antigen presentation. Therefore, there are critical differences in the cellular and molecular requirements that regulate SLO versus TLS development that ultimately impact on stromal and hematopoietic cell function. These differences may contribute to the pathogenic nature of TLS in the context of chronic inflammation and malignant transformation and offer a window of opportunity for therapeutic interventions in TLS associated pathologies.

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Section: Lymphoid Stromal Cell Differentiation In Slos and Tlsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stromal Fibroblasts in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: A Novel Target in Chronic Inflammation

et al. 2016

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“…The presence of thymopoietic tissues is a characteristic feature of vertebrate immune systems 85 , as was recently shown by the discovery of a thymus-equivalent in lamprey larvae 86 . Although the different morphology of the thymopoietic tissues in jawless vertebrates indicates that the progeny of individual TEC progenitors might disperse onto individual gill filaments rather than coalesce into a solid organ as in jawed vertebrates, the basic molecular constituents seem to be similar in the two sister groups of vertebrates 87 . As jawless fish and jawed vertebrates use fundamentally different types of antigen receptors and mechanisms of somatic diversification 88,89 , the common functionalities that characterize a vertebrate thymopoietic environment might be more easily uncovered by comparisons between these two groups of vertebrates than by comparisons between species within the two groups.…”

Section: Artificial Thymopoietic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymus involution and regeneration: two sides of the same coin?

2013

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In vertebrates, the thymus is the main site of T cell development. The thymus reaches its maximum output during adolescence, after which it shrinks and generates fewer and fewer T cells. Physiological age-related involution of the thymus and failure to recover after injury are associated with impaired cellular immunity; hence, there is considerable interest in developing strategies to combat these deficiencies. In this Opinion article, we briefly review the phylogenetic and ontogenetic hallmarks of thymus development and function, and we discuss experimental models of impaired thymopoiesis and the molecular mechanisms of thymopoietic recovery. At each stage of the discussion we highlight the major gaps in our current knowledge.

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“…2). The last major advance in vertebrate evolution was the advent of lymph nodes and the formation of germinal centres in mammals 27–29 ; the ectothermic vertebrates allow for the study of immunity that preceded the emergence of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), the major cellular player in mammalian affinity maturation 28,30 . This Review will delve into all of these characteristics of adaptive immunity, focusing on basic questions that intrigue all immunologists, and explore what we can and should tackle over the next decade.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity

2018

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The adaptive immune system arose 500 million years ago in ectothermic (cold-blooded) vertebrates. Classically, the adaptive immune system has been defined by the presence of lymphocytes expressing recombination-activating gene (RAG)-dependent antigen receptors and the MHC. These features are found in all jawed vertebrates, including cartilaginous and bony fish, amphibians and reptiles and are most likely also found in the oldest class of jawed vertebrates, the extinct placoderms. However, with the discovery of an adaptive immune system in jawless fish based on an entirely different set of antigen receptors — the variable lymphocyte receptors — the divergence of T and B cells, and perhaps innate-like lymphocytes, goes back to the origin of all vertebrates. This Review explores how recent developments in comparative immunology have furthered our understanding of the origins and function of the adaptive immune system.

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Evolution of lymphoid tissues

Cited by 104 publications

References 85 publications

Stromal Fibroblasts in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: A Novel Target in Chronic Inflammation

Stromal Fibroblasts in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: A Novel Target in Chronic Inflammation

Thymus involution and regeneration: two sides of the same coin?

A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity

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