Evolution of low molecular weight organic compounds during ultrapure water production process: A pilot-scale study

Wang, Qi; Luo, Li-Wei; Huang, Nan; Wang, Wenlong; Rong, Yuzhou; Wang, Zhiwei; Yuan, Yi; Xu, Ao; Xiong, Jianglei; Wu, Qian-Yuan; Hu, Hong-Ying

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154713

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…and lower molecular weight substances (methanol, isopropanol, etc.) [87], solution diffusion and the surface charge (zeta potential) of the membrane and pollutant play a key role in separation. Due to their varying length and charge, the removal of PFAS by NF is described in the literature by multiple mechanisms, including: Steric (size) exclusion-rejection depends on the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the membrane and dominates throughout the separation process.…”

Section: Membrane Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Removal and Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Novel Membranes

Das

Ronen

2022

Membranes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic chemicals consisting of thousands of individual species. PFAS consists of a fully or partly fluorinated carbon–fluorine bond, which is hard to break and requires a high amount of energy (536 kJ/mole). Resulting from their unique hydrophobic/oleophobic nature and their chemical and mechanical stability, they are highly resistant to thermal, chemical, and biological degradation. PFAS have been used extensively worldwide since the 1940s in various products such as non-stick household items, food-packaging, cosmetics, electronics, and firefighting foams. Exposure to PFAS may lead to health issues such as hormonal imbalances, a compromised immune system, cancer, fertility disorders, and adverse effects on fetal growth and learning ability in children. To date, very few novel membrane approaches have been reported effective in removing and destroying PFAS. Therefore, this article provides a critical review of PFAS treatment and removal approaches by membrane separation systems. We discuss recently reported novel and effective membrane techniques for PFAS separation and include a detailed discussion of parameters affecting PFAS membrane separation and destruction. Moreover, an estimation of cost analysis is also included for each treatment technology. Additionally, since the PFAS treatment technology is still growing, we have incorporated several future directions for efficient PFAS treatment.

show abstract

Section: Membrane Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Removal and Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Novel Membranes

Das

Ronen

2022

Membranes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, it has been reported that urea cannot be effectively removed by ion-exchange method because of its non-ionic structure (MacKeown et al 2021). The conventional UPW production process (Figure 1), with membrane filtration, ion-exchange adsorption, and ultraviolet (UV) mineralization as the primary units to remove TOC, had unsatisfactory effects on urea removal (Zhang et al 2021;Wang et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified spectrophotometric method for selective determination of trace urea: application in the production process of ultrapure water

Jiang

Xiong²,

Cheng

et al. 2022

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conventional spectrophotometric methods were unable to accurately detect urea concentrations below 100 μg/L. A modified spectrophotometric method was developed to determine the trace urea in the ultrapure water (UPW) production process of the semiconductor manufacturing industry. This method was optimized based on the dosage of chemical agents, length of the optical path, and mode of the water bath. Metal ions were added to promote the stability of the chromogenic system. A calibration graph was observed with ideal linearity in the range of 0.8–100 μg/L. The detection and quantification limits of urea were 0.24 and 0.80 μg/L, respectively. The distribution of urea in raw water for the UPW production process was observed and the urea in tap water was 10–20 μg/L. The urea of municipal reclaimed water was 24–40 μg/L, which was twice that of industrial reclaimed water at 10–18 μg/L. The total removal rate of urea by the UPW production process was 50–70%. Reverse osmosis membranes played a critical role in the removal of urea (over 30%). The urea in the final UPW produced from tap water was approximately 4.1 μg/L, which creates a potential risk of excessive total organic carbon.

show abstract

“…Currently, electronic-grade UPW is purified using multiple steps including reverse osmosis (RO) filtration, activated carbon adsorption, UV oxidation, and ion exchange resin adsorption. RO filtration and activated carbon adsorption remove most organic and inorganic components, , but they cannot efficiently eliminate neutrally charged and low-molecular-weight (LMW) organics. , For example, only a portion of methanol, isopropyl alcohol, formaldehyde, and acetone is removed by RO filtration. , The presence of these residual LMW organics makes it difficult to achieve the TOC requirements of electronic-grade UPW. Thus, subsequent treatment steps are needed, such as UV oxidation (e.g., 185 nm vacuum-UV oxidation) and anion exchange resin (AER) adsorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Low-Molecular-Weight Carboxylic Acids to Anion Exchange Resins with Various Properties and the Mechanisms of Interaction

Cai

Ouyang

et al. 2022

ACS EST Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anion exchange resin (AER) is often used to produce ultrapure water by removing low-molecular-weight (LMW) carboxylic acids (CAs). However, the adsorption performance of resins requires improvement, and the adsorption mechanisms are not fully clear. In this study, eight AERs with different polymer matrices, porosity types, and ammonium group properties were used to investigate the adsorption of common LMW CAs. The adsorption efficiency of strongly basic AERs (80–100%) was much higher than that of weekly basic AERs (2–56%). The adsorption kinetics were limited by intraparticle diffusion. In particular, for CAs with a molecular volume of > 83.5 Å, the gellular AERs showed an obvious size exclusion effect that was not as apparent for the macroporous AERs. The adsorption capacity and affinity were highly related to the polymer matrix. The polystyrene AERs showed 1.60–3.00 times higher maximum adsorption and 2.00–3.80 times greater adsorption affinity than their polyacrylic counterparts. Adsorption also depended on the CA structure. The carbon and carboxyl number of the CA affect the total negative atomic charge density, which in turn affects the CA–AER electrostatic interaction. Besides, hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl group and the AER matrix increased CA adsorption; this effect was especially prominent for diprotic CAs.

show abstract

Evolution of low molecular weight organic compounds during ultrapure water production process: A pilot-scale study

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

A Review on Removal and Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Novel Membranes

A Review on Removal and Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Novel Membranes

A modified spectrophotometric method for selective determination of trace urea: application in the production process of ultrapure water

Adsorption of Low-Molecular-Weight Carboxylic Acids to Anion Exchange Resins with Various Properties and the Mechanisms of Interaction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About