Evolution of Influenza B Virus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between 1995 and 2008

Sam, I‐Ching; Su, Yvonne C. F.; Chan, Yoke Fun; Nor'e, Siti Sarah; Hassan, Ardalinah; Jafar, Faizatul Lela; Joseph, Udayan; Halpin, Yvonne; Ghedin, Elodie; Hooi, Poh Sim; Fourment, Mathieu; Hassan, Hamimah; AbuBakar, Sazaly; Wentworth, David E.; Smith, Gavin J. D.

doi:10.1128/jvi.00708-15

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…16 However, we found that shifts in circulating influenza type were often not associated with an increased transmission. This does not negate the need to subtype influenza isolates in Malaysia; as previous studies from UMMC showed that switches in circulating influenza B lineage (Victoria or Yamagata) every 1 to 3 years led to poor lineage matches with recommended trivalent vaccine strains, 17,18 subtyping strains is an important method to monitor vaccine effectiveness. In this study, 14.1% of the influenza A strains remain untyped, while influenza B is not routinely typed apart from the In summary, we showed that while Malaysia does have yearround low-level influenza transmission as previously reported, the inconsistent and unpredictable seasonal peaks that occurred could be of concerning duration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal influenza activity based on laboratory surveillance in Malaysia, 2011‐2016

Sam

Noraini

Sandhu

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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Influenza seasonality in equatorial countries is little understood. Seasonal and alert influenza thresholds were determined for Malaysia, using laboratory-based data obtained from the Malaysia Influenza Surveillance System and a major teaching hospital, from 2011 to 2016. Influenza was present year-round, with no clear annual seasons. Variable periods of higher transmission occurred inconsistently, in November to December, January to March, July to September, or a combination of these. These coincide with seasons in the nearby southeast Asian countries or winter seasons of the northern and southern hemispheres. Changes in the predominant circulating influenza type were only sometimes associated with increased transmission. The data can provide public health interventions such as vaccines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal influenza activity based on laboratory surveillance in Malaysia, 2011‐2016

Sam

Noraini

Sandhu

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…It was initially expected that PB1, PB2 and HA would derive from the same clade of Yam-2, given that a previous report suggested these three gene segments would tend to co-assort during a reassortment event [ 8 ]. As such unique reassortment pattern from B/Malaysia/U2214/2013 virus was not observed in the majority of other ‘pure’ Yam-3-like or Yam-2-like viruses ( Fig 1 and S3 Fig ), this phenomenon could possibly be attributed to a random intra-lineage (or inter-clade) reassortment event within the Yamagata lineage [ 18 , 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these groupings were not extended to other gene segments of the influenza B genome. Most whole-genome studies on influenza B viruses only described reassortment patterns of gene segments between lineages (or at the lineage level) [ 7 , 13 – 18 ] and have not described reassortment patterns at the clade and sub-clade levels. The evidence for segment reassortment within a lineage or clade in contributing to worldwide disease certainly warrants a more detailed and systematic approach of phylogenetic classification of all gene segments [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Phylogenetic Analysis of Influenza B/Phuket/3073/2013-Like Viruses and Unique Reassortants Detected in Malaysia between 2012 and 2014

Oong

Tan

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Reassortment of genetic segments between and within influenza B lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) has been shown to generate novel reassortants with unique genetic characteristics. Based on hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes, recent surveillance study has identified reassortment properties in B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus, which is currently used in the WHO-recommended influenza vaccine. To understand the potential reassortment patterns for all gene segments, four B/Phuket/3073/2013-like viruses and two unique reassortants (one each from Yamagata and Victoria) detected in Malaysia from 2012–2014 were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Each gene was phylogenetically classified into lineages, clades and sub-clades. Three B/Phuket/3073/2013-like viruses from Yamagata lineage were found to be intra-clade reassortants, possessing PA and NA genes derived from Stockholm/12-like sub-clade, while the remaining genes from Wisconsin/01-like sub-clade (both sub-clades were within Yamagata Clade 3/Yam-3). However, the other B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus had NS gene that derived from Stockholm/12-like sub-clade instead of Wisconsin/01-like sub-clade. One inter-clade reassortant had Yamagata Clade 2/Yam-2-derived HA and NP, and its remaining genes were Yam-3-derived. Within Victoria Clade 1/Vic-1 in Victoria lineage, one virus had intra-clade reassortment properties: HA and PB2 from Vic-1B sub-clade, MP and NS from a unique sub-clade “Vic-1C”, and the remaining genes from Vic-1A sub-clade. Although random reassortment event may generate unique reassortants, detailed phylogenetic classification of gene segments showed possible genetic linkage between PA and NA genes in B/Phuket/3073/2013-like viruses, which requires further investigation. Understanding on reassortment patterns in influenza B evolution may contribute to future vaccine design.

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“…These factors may affect virus survivability by lengthening the protective effect of droplets on viruses trapped on fomites or aerosols [ 26 , 58 – 60 ]. In particular, colder temperature has been found promoting influenza virus survival in aerosols [ 25 ], whereas higher humidity might increase the amount of virus particles that is deposited on the surface, hence encouraging contact transmission of the virus [ 57 ]. Malaysia has a tropical equatorial climate accompanied by two monsoon seasons, the Southwest Monsoon (May to September) and Northeast Monsoon (November to March).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent report on the evolution and epidemiology of influenza B virus in Malaysia form 1995–2008, which generally involved the children population, described the incidence and evolutionary changes of predominant circulating Victoria and Yamagata lineages over the years [ 25 ]. In view of this, we had conducted an influenza surveillance on more adult and elderly patients with respiratory infections and investigated the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza B lineages circulating in Malaysia between 2012 and 2014 using phylogenetic methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Evolutionary Dynamics of Influenza B Viruses in Malaysia, 2012-2014

Oong

Lam

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza B Victoria and Yamagata lineages remained poorly understood in the tropical Southeast Asia region, despite causing seasonal outbreaks worldwide. From 2012–2014, nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from outpatients experiencing acute upper respiratory tract infection symptoms in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were screened for influenza viruses using a multiplex RT-PCR assay. Among 2,010/3,935 (51.1%) patients infected with at least one respiratory virus, 287 (14.3%) and 183 (9.1%) samples were tested positive for influenza A and B viruses, respectively. Influenza-positive cases correlate significantly with meteorological factors—total amount of rainfall, relative humidity, number of rain days, ground temperature and particulate matter (PM10). Phylogenetic reconstruction of haemagglutinin (HA) gene from 168 influenza B viruses grouped them into Yamagata Clade 3 (65, 38.7%), Yamagata Clade 2 (48, 28.6%) and Victoria Clade 1 (55, 32.7%). With neuraminidase (NA) phylogeny, 30 intra-clade (29 within Yamagata Clade 3, 1 within Victoria Clade 1) and 1 inter-clade (Yamagata Clade 2-HA/Yamagata Clade 3-NA) reassortants were identified. Study of virus temporal dynamics revealed a lineage shift from Victoria to Yamagata (2012–2013), and a clade shift from Yamagata Clade 2 to Clade 3 (2013–2014). Yamagata Clade 3 predominating in 2014 consisted of intra-clade reassortants that were closely related to a recent WHO vaccine candidate strain (B/Phuket/3073/2013), with the reassortment event occurred approximately 2 years ago based on Bayesian molecular clock estimation. Malaysian Victoria Clade 1 viruses carried H274Y substitution in the active site of neuraminidase, which confers resistance to oseltamivir. Statistical analyses on clinical and demographic data showed Yamagata-infected patients were older and more likely to experience headache while Victoria-infected patients were more likely to experience nasal congestion and sore throat. This study describes the evolution of influenza B viruses in Malaysia and highlights the importance of continuous surveillance for better vaccination policy in this region.

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Evolution of Influenza B Virus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between 1995 and 2008

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Seasonal influenza activity based on laboratory surveillance in Malaysia, 2011‐2016

Seasonal influenza activity based on laboratory surveillance in Malaysia, 2011‐2016

Whole-Genome Phylogenetic Analysis of Influenza B/Phuket/3073/2013-Like Viruses and Unique Reassortants Detected in Malaysia between 2012 and 2014

Epidemiological and Evolutionary Dynamics of Influenza B Viruses in Malaysia, 2012-2014

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