“…Systems methodology provides a set of systemic tools for analysis, design and management of complex phenomena (Banathy, 1991a;Gasparski, 1992;Keever, 1992;Nadler, 1981Nadler, , 1992Nadler and Hibino, 1990). Systems methods applied to cultures assist in the analysis of cultural problems and the management of complex cultural issues (Banathy, 1991a(Banathy, , 1992a(Banathy, , 1992c(Banathy, , 1993Flood and Jackson, 1991;Jackson, 1991). For example, Soft Systems Methodology (Checkland, 1981) is a method for cultural systems development that can address loosely structured issues in a pluralist society.…”