Evolution of Chinese urban household's water footprint

Cai, Beiming; Liu, Beibei; Zhang, Fangfang

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.074

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Dietary WF assessments have been conducted at global level [48,49], at national level with global coverage [50,51], continental or regional scale [45,52], individual country level [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63], river basin level [64], provincial level [61], city level up to inner-city/borough level [34,[65][66][67][68][69][70][71] and for specific socioeconomic groups [65,[72][73][74]. Harris et al [33] also provide a selected overview of relevant studies.…”

Section: Geographical Coverage Data Used and Modelling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Resources for Sustainable Healthy Diets: State of the Art and Outlook

Vanham

2020

Water

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Sustainable healthy diets are high on the research and policy agendas. One of the crucial resources to provide such diets are water resources. This paper provides a brief overview of the current research state regarding this topic, with a focus on the water footprint concept, as latter quantifies water use along a supply chain. The water footprint (WF) quantifies blue and green water consumption, as both these water resources are essential for food and energy production as well as for the environment. Different kinds of information are embedded in a dietary WF and different data sources and modelling approaches exist, leading to WF dietary amounts that are not always directly comparable. A full sustainability assessment of a dietary WF encompasses three components: (1) an equity assessment of the total WF amount; (2) an efficiency assessment for each food item in the diet as well as (3) an impact assessment (blue water stress and green water scarcity) for each food item in the diet. The paper concludes with an outlook on future research on the topic, listing the following points: (1) future clarity in system boundary and modelling assumptions, with comparison of results between different approaches; (2) full sustainability assessments including all three components; (3) dietary footprint family assessments with the WF as one member; (4) WF assessments for multiple dietary regimes with support to the development of local dietary guidelines and (5) assessment of the synergies with LCA-based mid-point (scarcity-weighted WF) and end-point (especially human health) indicators and evaluation of the validity and empirical significance of these two indicators

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Section: Geographical Coverage Data Used and Modelling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Resources for Sustainable Healthy Diets: State of the Art and Outlook

Vanham

2020

Water

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“…, şehirleşmenin su ayak izine etkisi [49][50][51], az şehirleşme oranına ve zengin su kaynaklarına sahip bölgelerin su ayak izi [52,53], şehir bazında tarımsal [54], evsel [55], yeraltı suyu ayak izi [56], gri ve yeşil su ayak izleri [57] ve direk su kullanımının [58] su ayak izleri literatürde tartışılmıştır.…”

Section: Gi̇ri̇ş (Introduction)unclassified

Assessment of water footprint of production: A case study for Diyarbakır province

Muratoğlu

2019

Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

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Detailed analysis of agricultural, livestock and domestic/industrial water footprint for Diyarbakir province  The effect of dry and wet seasons on the water footprint of the study area  Virtual water contents of agricultural products growing in the region Rapid urbanization, increasing per capita water consumption and pollution together with the developing industry necessitated to process more effective measurement, management and decision mechanisms on regional water resources. The concept of water footprint (WF) is a new parameter that has been introduced to the scientific literature in recent years similar to the ecological and carbon footprints. The water footprint of any field or product refers to the total volume of water resources that is processed or contaminated directly or indirectly during the production process. The current work is one of the first studies assessing and discussing the water footprint indicators of Diyarbakir province. Figure A. Water footprint of production in Diyarbakır province for 2008-2019 Purpose: The main purposes of this study are; analyzing blue and green water footprints of agricultural, livestock, industrial production and domestic use in Diyarbakır province for 2008-2019, determining the virtual water contents of crops produced in the region, analyzing the effect of dry and wet seasons on the water footprint of the region. Theory and Methods: Recently developed water footprint methodology has been used. The blue and green evapotranspiration amounts were estimated by CWR option in CROPWAT 8.0 software. Wide range of statistical data including long term meteorological data, areal rainfall statistics, local crop coefficients, cultivation area, crop production amounts, animal statistics, industrial and domestic water consumption data have been utilized. Results: Average annual water footprint of the study area of 11 years between 2008-2019 was determined to be 3.4 Gm 3. Agriculture is the most water intensive sector being responsible from 86 % of total water footprint. Wheat is identified to be the most important crop which consumes around 42 % of total (ground, surface and rainfall) water. The green water ratio of wheat was determined as 73 % which significantly reduces the blue water dependency of the region. On the other hand, cotton, grapes and maize production were found to be critical because of their high production amounts together with having extremely high blue (surface and ground) water shares, specifically at the study area. The water footprint indicators of wet and dry seasons were also analyzed and discussed. It is determined that, the blue water ratio could be significantly increased up to 60 % in the dry seasons, despite considerably lower crop production amounts. Conclusion: The study area owns very fertile lands for crop production. However, limited water resources and scarcity of the region restrict the agricultural and other water intensive sectors' activities. Sustainability of fresh water resources of the study area could be provided by reducing the wate...

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“…Following previous research, COD discharge was taken as the parameter to determine water quality (Guan et al 2014, Zhao et al 2016, Cai et al 2019, Li et al 2019a. Fundamentally, COD indicates the amount of oxidant consumed during oxidation of organic substance present in water samples.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantity and quality of China's water from demand perspectives

Shan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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China is confronted with an unprecedented water crisis regarding its quantity and quality. In this study, we quantified the dynamics of China's embodied water use and chemical oxygen demand (COD) discharge from 2010 to 2015. The analysis was conducted with the latest available water use data across sectors in primary, secondary and tertiary industries and input-output models. The results showed that (1) China's water crisis was alleviated under urbanisation. Urban consumption occupied the largest percentages (over 30%) of embodied water use and COD discharge, but embodied water intensities in urban consumption were far lower than those in rural consumption.(2) The 'new normal' phase witnessed the optimisation of China's water use structures. Embodied water use in light-manufacturing and tertiary sectors increased while those in heavy-manufacturing sectors (except chemicals and transport equipment) dropped.(3) Transformation of China's international market brought positive effects on its domestic water use. China's water use (116-80 billion tonnes (Bts)) 9 and COD discharge (3.95-2.22 million tonnes (Mts)) embodied in export tremendously decreased while its total export values (11-25 trillion CNY) soared. Furthermore, embodied water use and COD discharge in relatively low-end sectors, such as textile, started to transfer from international to domestic markets when a part of China's production activities had been relocated to other developing countries.

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Evolution of Chinese urban household's water footprint

Cited by 52 publications

References 42 publications

Water Resources for Sustainable Healthy Diets: State of the Art and Outlook

Water Resources for Sustainable Healthy Diets: State of the Art and Outlook

Assessment of water footprint of production: A case study for Diyarbakır province

Quantity and quality of China's water from demand perspectives

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