Evolution of carbide precipitates in Haynes® 282 superalloy processed by wire arc additive manufacturing

Zhang, Hanlei; Wang, Yuankang; Vecchis, Rafael Rodriguez De; Xiong, Weihao

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117597

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…While the carbides are primarily interdendritic in the post-deposited state, PWHT also causes precipitation of many discrete carbides at the grain boundaries and within the austenite grains. The appearance of the carbides is similar to the (Ti,Mo)C (as-built) and (Cr, Mo) 23 C 6 (precipitation-hardened) type carbides described in [ 8 , 9 , 19 , 42 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…5. The carbides observed in the weld metals correspond in appearance and location to those described in [ 8 , 9 , 19 , 42 ]—(Ti,Mo)C in the as-built condition and (Cr, Mo) 23 C 6 in the precipitation hardening condition. In addition, large block-like nitrides and small nitride precipitates are visible.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Few publications are available for WAAM with this alloy, although it is of interest for medium and large-size components in high-temperature applications of aircraft engines and industrial gas turbines. Thus, in [ 19 , 20 ], the influence of different build-up strategies for the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of block and cylinder parts of this material on the recrystallization behavior and grain structures, as well as different heat treatment strategies on the carbide development and γ′-precipitation, were investigated. Investigations on the influence of different arc energies and shielding gas mixtures during additive CMT arc welding with HY282 on the mechanical properties and microstructure, on the other hand, are not yet available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing of Haynes® 282® Alloy by Direct Energy Deposition with Arc and Wire

Zinke

Bürger²,

Jüttner

2023

Materials

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Direct energy deposition with arc and wire (DED-AW) is a versatile, low-cost, and energy-efficient technology for additive manufacturing of medium- and large-sized metallic components. In this study, the effects of arc energy and shielding gas in cold metal transfer (CMT) welding of walls and blocks on cooling time, mechanical properties, and macro- and microstructure have been studied using precipitation-hardenable Ni-based superalloy Haynes® 282®. The arc energy and consequently the cooling rate were varied by changing the wire feed rate and the travel speed. As expected, increasing the arc energy leads to higher cooling times for the walls. Due to the 2D thermal conduction, the thin walls cool down much slower than multi-layer welded blocks, but this reduces the strength values only very slightly. While the walls have no sensitivity to the occurrence of unacceptable seam irregularities, the multi-layer blocks show isolated seam defects, such as hot cracks or lack of fusion. Despite shielding gas variation, the as-welded blocks show acceptable strength properties at room temperatures (RT) and impact values at RT and −196 °C. However, the use of an N-containing shielding gas results in lower elongation and notched bar impact energy. Precipitation-hardened specimens tested at 871 °C exhibit a similar strength level to transverse tensile specimens of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) welded joints on 12.7 mm thick plates with fracture in the weld metal.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing of Haynes® 282® Alloy by Direct Energy Deposition with Arc and Wire

Zinke

Bürger²,

Jüttner

2023

Materials

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“…Figure 9 shows the size and volume fraction change in the carbide in the three samples at different heat treatment conditions. It is pronounced that the M 23 C 6 carbide inclines to precipitate at the grain boundary, which is attributed to the higher energy barrier between the γ/M 23 C 6 interface on the precipitation, leading to the preferable nucleation and growth at the kinetically feasible grain boundaries [ 52 ]. In terms of the theories above, it can be inferred that M 23 C 6 carbide particles form in small accounts at grain boundaries and within grains following the standard solid solution due to the temperature of 1140 °C which is near their dissolving point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure S3: (a,b) TEM bright-field images of the AB sample; ( c ) TEM-EDS mapping results. References [ 11 , 52 , 57 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ] are cited in the Supplementary Materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Various Heat Treatments on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of GH4099 Superalloy Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Liu,

Wang,

Guo

et al. 2024

Materials

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The microstructures and mechanical properties of a γ′-strengthened nickel-based superalloy, GH4099, produced by laser powder bed fusion, at room temperature and 900 °C are investigated, followed by three various heat treatments. The as-built (AB) alloy consists of cellular/dendrite substructures within columnar grains aligning in <100> crystal orientation. No γ′ phase is observed in the AB sample due to the relatively low content of Al +Ti. Following the standard solid solution treatment, the molten pool boundaries and cellular/dendrite substructures disappear, whilst the columnar grains remain. The transformation of columnar grains to equiaxed grains occurs through the primary solid solution treatment due to the recovery and recrystallization process. After aging at 850 °C for 480 min, the carbides in the three samples distributed at grain boundaries and within grains and the spherical γ′ phase whose size is about 43 nm ± 16 nm develop in the standard solid solution + aging and primary solid solution + aging samples (SA and PA samples) while the bimodal size of cubic (181 nm ± 85 nm) and spherical (43 nm ± 16 nm) γ′ precipitates is presented in the primary solid solution + secondary solid solution + aging sample (PSA samples). The uniaxial tensile tests are carried out at room temperature (RT) and 900 °C. The AB sample has the best RT ductility (~51% of elongation and ~67% of area reduction). Following the three heat treatments, the samples all acquire excellent RT tensile properties (>750 MPa of yield strengths and >32% of elongations). However, clear ductility dips and intergranular fracture modes occur during the 900 °C tensile tests, which could be related to carbide distribution and a change in the deformation mechanism.

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Review of Microstructure–Mechanical Property Relationships in Cast and Wrought Ni‐Based Superalloys with Boron, Carbon, and Zirconium Microalloying Additions

et al. 2022

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Cast and wrought Ni‐based superalloys are materials of choice for harsh high‐temperature environments of aircraft engines and gas turbines. Their compositional complexity requires sophisticated thermo‐mechanical processing. A typical microstructure consists of a polycrystalline γ‐matrix, strengthening Ni3(Al,Ti) γ′ precipitates, carbides (MC, M6C, and M23C6), borides (M2B, M3B2, and M5B3), and other inclusions. Microalloying additions of B, C, and Zr commonly improve high‐temperature strength and creep resistance, although excessive additions are detrimental. Grain boundary (GB) segregation may improve cohesion and displace embrittling impurities. Finely dispersed carbides and borides are desired to control grain size via GB pinning. However, excessive decoration of GBs may lead to failure during processing and in‐service. Hence, a systematic review on the roles of B, C, and Zr in cast and wrought Ni‐based superalloys is required. The current state of knowledge on GB segregation and precipitation is reviewed. Experimental and modeling results are compared across various processing steps. The impact of GB precipitation on mechanical properties is most well researched. Co‐precipitation in proximity to GBs interacting with local microstructure evolution and mechanical properties remains less explored. Addressing these gaps in knowledge allows a more complete understanding of processing–microstructure–properties relationships in advanced cast and wrought Ni‐based superalloys.

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Evolution of carbide precipitates in Haynes® 282 superalloy processed by wire arc additive manufacturing

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

Processing of Haynes® 282® Alloy by Direct Energy Deposition with Arc and Wire

Processing of Haynes® 282® Alloy by Direct Energy Deposition with Arc and Wire

Influence of Various Heat Treatments on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of GH4099 Superalloy Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Review of Microstructure–Mechanical Property Relationships in Cast and Wrought Ni‐Based Superalloys with Boron, Carbon, and Zirconium Microalloying Additions

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