“…Within the Center for Welding, Joining and Coating Research (CWJCR), this technique has been used to join a variety of dissimilar materials including: Ni-Al, Cu-carbon steel, Cu-stainless steel, Ti-carbon steel, and stainless steel-carbon steel [5,6]. More complex bonds such as Ti-Ni-carbon steel, Al-Ti-Cu-stainless steel and Al-Ti-Cu-Ni-stainless steel have also been produced.…”