Welding of Materials for Energy Applications

DuPont, J. N.; Babu, S. S.; Liu, Stephen V.

doi:10.1007/s11661-013-1643-9

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The Ni-Fe alloy buffer layer can lead to graded transition joint in which the composition and concomitant properties can be gradually varied. 14) Process parameters for deposition are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence selection of suitable filler material for buttering is very important in view of graded composition. 14) Ni-base filler metals reduce the diffusivity of carbon, 3,6,11,13,15) but it cannot completely eliminate the carbon migration. Higher Chromium content in Inconel 82 buttering adjacent to the SA508 Gr.3Cl.1 could not ascertain the complete hold up of carbon migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallurgical Characterization and Diffusion Studies of Successively Buttered Deposit of Ni–Fe Alloy and Inconel on SA508 Ferritic Steel

et al. 2014

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The present work aims to investigate the major problem of carbon diffusion in dissimilar metal weld (DMW) between ferritic and austenitic stainless steel used in Nuclear Power Plants. For such DMW joints, Inconel 82 is often deposited on ferritic steel with Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process, but the problems associated with carbon diffusion persist. In the present study, Ni-Fe alloy (ERNiFe-CI) and Inconel 82 (ERNiCr-3) have been successively deposited with Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process. The substrates of SA508Gr.3Cl.1 ferritic steel were used for deposition. First buffer layer of Ni-Fe alloy was deposited with GTAW in order to have low heat input initially and the subsequent deposition was carried out using GMAW over the buffer layer. The effect of operating temperature of DMW joints on carbon migration from the ferritic steel to buttering zone was studied by carrying out the thermal ageing 450°C for 240 h. Diffusivity of carbon at different ageing temperatures was quantified. The effectiveness of buttering deposit was addressed with respect to metallurgical properties and carbon diffusion by carrying out the heat flow analysis, Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA), Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), martensite formation analysis at fusion interfaces, micro-hardness variation across the fusion interfaces and the microstructure evolution. Significant amount of martensite was observed to be formed at the fusion interface and the subsequent effect of stress relieving was addressed. Momentous reduction in carbon diffusion and favourable metallurgical properties owing to successive buttering deposit could increase the life of DMW joints with cost effective GMAW over the GTAW process at Nuclear Plants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallurgical Characterization and Diffusion Studies of Successively Buttered Deposit of Ni–Fe Alloy and Inconel on SA508 Ferritic Steel

et al. 2014

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“…The buttering procedure employed manually in both processes. The low dilution of Ni-Fe alloy with ferritic steel substrate in buffer layer due to GTAW process can ensure the resulting weld chemistry of Ni-Fe matrix in order to attain reduced diffusivity of carbon in Ni-matrix [1,2] and graded composition [17,19] in dissimilar welds. The process parameters used for buttering procedure to employ buffer and buttering layers are given in Table 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presence of carbide formers in considerable fractions in Inconel 82/182 buttering adjacent to SA508Gr.3cl.1 cannot ascertain the complete holdup to carbon diffusion [1,6,8,11,15,17] and subsequent metallurgical deterioration [18] in terms of martensite and undesirable phase formation. Therefore, the effect of graded composition [16,17,19] using Ni-Fe alloy as intermediate buffer layer on ferritic steel with subsequent buttering using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) was investigated. The SMAW process is well known for cheaper, faster, and high dilution against the traditionally preferred GTAW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Control and Metallurgical Behavior of Successive Buttering on SA508 Steel Using Ni–Fe Alloy and Inconel 182

Rathod

Pandey

Aravindan

et al. 2016

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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The metallurgical deterioration and carbon diffusion caused during welding in the vicinity of the fusion interfaces between dissimilar metals have been investigated in case of gas tungsten arc and shielded metal arc welded SA508Gr.3Cl.1 steel substrate with Ni-Fe alloy and Inconel 182. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Ni-Fe matrix as buffer layer and SMAW process for buttering deposition on the carbon diffusion and metallurgical changes. Quantitative measurement and validation of carbon/alloying elements distribution in as-welded, thermally aged, and postweld heat-treated conditions were performed in buttering deposits by using optical emission spectrometry and electron probe microanalysis. The extent of carbon diffusion has been estimated using Groube's diffusion couple and confirmed with microstructure microhardness and X-ray diffraction. Martensite formation has been estimated for its thickness and validated with metallurgical properties. The effect of buffer layer is significant for carbon diffusion and tempering of martensite with thermal aging, PWHT, and multipass deposition. The concentration and activity gradient of carbon has been established due to Ni-Fe matrix as buffer layer and higher dilution for buttering. The obtained results are confirming the control of carbon diffusion and lesser metallurgical deterioration in suggested buttering procedure.

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“…The process parameters include: laser power (P), laser spot diameter (d), scanning speed (v), distance between scanning lines (h), layer thickness (w) and scanning geometry. The mentioned parameters can be expressed as an energy density function [20,[24][25][26][27]. Thermal power of laser (E) can be obtained by Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of laser-assisted powder bed fusion of Fe-Cu powder mixture

Fatemi

Ashani

2017

Prog Addit Manuf

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Powder bed fusion is an additive manufacturing method which allows production of complex parts, in a shorter time compared to the conventional fabrication methods. During the last 60 years, Fe-Cu powders were widely used because of their anti-friction behavior and superior mechanical properties. Therefore, Fe-Cu powder has been selected as the basic material for the powder bed fusion process. In the present study, laser-assisted powder bed fusion of Fe-Cu powder mixture has been studied experimentally. Nd:YAG laser with a maximum power of 75 W has been used to melt the powder. The effects of volume fraction of the Cu powder in the mixture and applied energy density on thickness, surface concavity and geometrical accuracy of manufactured parts have been investigated. Results show that higher values of energy density lead to lower geometrical accuracy, higher thickness and surface concavity.

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Welding of Materials for Energy Applications

Cited by 30 publications

References 82 publications

Metallurgical Characterization and Diffusion Studies of Successively Buttered Deposit of Ni–Fe Alloy and Inconel on SA508 Ferritic Steel

Metallurgical Characterization and Diffusion Studies of Successively Buttered Deposit of Ni–Fe Alloy and Inconel on SA508 Ferritic Steel

Diffusion Control and Metallurgical Behavior of Successive Buttering on SA508 Steel Using Ni–Fe Alloy and Inconel 182

Experimental investigation of laser-assisted powder bed fusion of Fe-Cu powder mixture

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