Evolution of Canine Parvovirus Involved Loss and Gain of Feline Host Range

Truyen, Uwe; Evermann, James F.; Vieler, Elke; Parrish, Colin R.

doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0021

Cited by 222 publications

(213 citation statements)

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“…Another possible reason for this observation could be contact and natural exposure of domestic cats with canine parvovirus (CPV). CPV infection in dogs is very common in Costa Rica, and as described elsewhere, the canine agent shares several antigens with FPV that could cross-react in serological tests [17,18]. The prevalences of FeLV and FIV determined for the domestic cats of Costa Rica are similar to those reported in Guatemala and Czech Republic [12,14].…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

Seroprevalence of Viral Infections in Domestic Cats in Costa Rice

Blanco¹,

Prendas

Cortés

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A cross-sectional survey of a convenient sample of domestic cats from Costa Rica's greater metropolitan area was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibodies against feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), feline parvovirus (FPV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and antigens of feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Blood samples were collected from at least 96 cats from June 1998 to December 2001; data related to the individual cats and household variables were obtained using a questionnaire. Antibodies against FHV-1 were found in 71.9% of the cats sampled, but only 25.0% of them had a history of previous vaccination. The prevalence of FPV was 92.8%, and all positive cats showed protective antibodies titres; however, only 16.5% of them were previously vaccinated. Antigens of FeLV were detected in 16.7% of the sampled cats; 11 (64.7%) of the 17 positive cats were older than 1 year at the time of testing. No differences were found between the percentage of seropositive males and females. Antibodies against FIV were detected in 8.8% of the samples tested; 8 (88.8%) of the seropositive cats were older than 1 year of age, and a greater proportion of seropositive males (66.6%) was found. KEY WORDS: feline herpesvirus type 1, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline parvovirus.

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supporting

confidence: 65%

Seroprevalence of Viral Infections in Domestic Cats in Costa Rice

Blanco¹,

Prendas

Cortés

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Residues 80, 564, and 568 are also in the shoulder region, and changes at these sites are thought to be responsible for the loss of the feline host range in CPV2 (5). Whereas CPV2 can infect feline cells in tissue culture, it cannot infect cats unless residues 80, 564, and 568 revert to their FPLV identity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High rate of viral evolution associated with the emergence of carnivore parvovirus

Shackelton

Parrish

Truyen

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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486

390

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Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an emerging DNA virus that was first observed to cause disease in canines in 1978 and has since become a ubiquitous pathogen worldwide. CPV emerged from feline panleukopenia parvovirus (FPLV) or a closely related virus, differing at several key amino acid residues. Here we characterize the evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of CPV. Although FPLV has remained an endemic infection in its host populations, we show that, since the 1970s, the newly emerged CPV has undergone an epidemic-like pattern of logistic͞exponential growth, effectively doubling its population size every few years. This rapid population growth was associated with a lineage of CPV that acquired a broader host range and greater infectivity. Recombination played no role in the emergence of CPV. Rather, any preexisting variation in the donor species and the subsequent rapid adaptation of the virus to canines were likely dependent on a high rate of mutation and the positive selection of mutations in the major capsid gene. Strikingly, although these single-stranded viruses have a DNA genome and use cellular replication machinery, their rate of nucleotide substitution is closer to that of RNA viruses than to that of double-stranded DNA viruses.adaptation ͉ emergence ͉ mutation rate ͉ phylogeny ͉ natural selection P arvoviruses (family Parvoviridae) are small eukaryotic DNA viruses that infect a variety of animal species, including humans. Canine parvovirus (CPV), feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV), and a number of viruses similar to FPLV, such as blue fox parvovirus, the raccoon parvoviruses, and mink enteritis virus (MEV), are all host-range variants of the carnivore parvovirus subgroup (1, 2). Both disease and pathology differ depending on the age of the infected animal, because the viruses replicate only in cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. In neonatal animals, the virus replicates in a large number of tissues, and FPLV often causes cerebellar hypoplasia, whereas CPV causes myocarditis. In older animals, viral replication is limited to lymphoid and small intestinal cells, causing temporary panleukopenia or lymphopenia (3). FPLV is thought to have been endemic in felines since before the beginning of the 20th century (4). In contrast, it was not until 1978 that CPV (the first known strain was designated CPV2) was observed in canines, having emerged from FPLV or one of the closely related carnivore parvoviruses. Although CPV2 infected feline cells in culture, it did not infect cats. CPV2 was later replaced by a new lineage, designated CPV2a, which, along with its variants, can infect both dogs and cats (5, 6). There is also evidence that CPV2a is more effective at infecting canine cells than is CPV2 (7).Although epidemiological studies of emerging viruses are commonplace, the evolutionary processes associated with crossspecies virus transfer are poorly understood. Under some models, adaptation to the new host species is of fundamental importance, elevating the reproductive rate of the virus (R 0 ) above the...

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“…Strain XJ-1 was a FPLV isolate from the feces of a diseased cat. The nucle- Although further information on this isolate is not available at present, it may be that strain XJ-1 was generated by a recombination event between FPLV and new CPV-2b in a Chinese cat, possibly when CPV superinfected the cat already infected with FPLV, or vice versa, since new CPV2a and 2b viruses can infect cats [19,35]. As in the case of influenza A viruses, it may be essential for such recombination that two, or more, animal species harboring viruses make frequent contact with each other in a given setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Recombination Between Feline Panleukopenia Virus and Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Ohshima

Mochizuki

2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV) is a virulent pathogen that emerged in the late 1970s, probably originating from feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) or a closely related carnivore parvovirus belonging to the feline parvovirus (FPV) subspecies. In contrast to FPLV, CPV has evolved rapidly since its emergence. The original antigenic type of CPV disappeared more than two decades ago and several new antigenic as well as genetic CPV variants have appeared and spread in the field. Both high mutation rate and positive selection of mutations in the capsid gene appear to be the driving force for such rapid evolution. In addition, genetic recombination has been assessed as a factor in parvovirus evolution. Recently, we provided the first evidence of inter-antigenic type recombination of CPV in nature. Here, an inter-FPV subspecies recombinant was revealed by analyzing the genetic data deposited in databases with several recombination detection programs, and by phylogeny. FPLV strain XJ-1, submitted by Su et al., Harbin, China in 2007 (GenBank accession no. EF988660), was most likely generated by recombination between CPV and FPLV. Its genome was generally composed of the NS1 gene of CPV origin and the VP1 gene of FPLV origin. This is the first demonstration of recombination between different FPV subspecies in nature. Consequently, recombination should be considered as an element in the generation and evolution of parvoviruses of the FPV subspecies.

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Evolution of Canine Parvovirus Involved Loss and Gain of Feline Host Range

Cited by 222 publications

References 0 publications

Seroprevalence of Viral Infections in Domestic Cats in Costa Rice

Seroprevalence of Viral Infections in Domestic Cats in Costa Rice

High rate of viral evolution associated with the emergence of carnivore parvovirus

Evidence for Recombination Between Feline Panleukopenia Virus and Canine Parvovirus Type 2

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