Evolution of breast cancer therapeutics: Breast tumour kinase’s role in breast cancer and hope for breast tumour kinase targeted therapy

Hussain, Haroon A; Harvey, Amanda

doi:10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.299

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Moreover, betulin (3) further activates the crucial apoptotic markers, ie, BAK / BAX , HRK and caspases family proteins, while inhibiting BCL-2L1 44. Reports suggest that osteopontin shuts off these proteins and indirectly activates anti-apoptotic BCL-2L1 via COX-2 pathway to inhibit the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis 45…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptotic and antimetastatic activities of betulin isolated from Quercus incana against non-small cell lung cancer cells

Zehra¹,

Ahmed²,

Sarwar³

et al. 2019

CMAR

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Background Globally, the prevalence and mortality rates of lung cancer have been escalated with the increasing trend of tobacco smoking. The toxicity and irresponsive nature of the available drugs for lung cancer treatment demands an alternative approach. Methods In this study, four known compounds namely, cirsimaritin (4′,5, -dihydroxy-6,7-di-methoxyflavone) (1), eupatorin (5,3′-dihydroxy-6,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone) (2), betulin (Lup-20 (29)-ene-3, 28-diol) (3), and β-amyrin acetate (12-Oleanen-3yl acetate) (4) have been isolated from the leaves extract of Quercus incana . Preliminary screening of these natural compounds (1–4) was performed against non-small cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H460) and normal mouse fibroblast (NIH-3T3) cell lines. Results The compounds were found to be antiproliferative against cancer cells with wide therapeutic index in comparison to the normal cells. Effects of betulin (3) on cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, and expression of important apoptosis- and metastasis-related markers were observed at different concentrations. The results showed significant dose-dependent induction of apoptosis after the treatment with betulin (3) followed by increased expression of the caspases family (ie, caspase-3, -6, and -9), proapoptotic genes ( BAX and BAK ), and inhibiting anti-apoptotic genes ( BCL-2L1 and p53 ). Furthermore, wound healing and transwell invasion assays suggested that betulin (3) could also regulate metastasis by inhibiting MMP-2/-9. Osteopontin, a central regulator of apoptosis and metastasis was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion The present findings suggest that betulin (3) can be an attractive chemotherapeutic target for treating resistant lung cancers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptotic and antimetastatic activities of betulin isolated from Quercus incana against non-small cell lung cancer cells

Zehra¹,

Ahmed²,

Sarwar³

et al. 2019

CMAR

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“…Exosomes are also involved in the regulation of pathological angiogenesis, including tumor angiogenesis (29). Especially in response to enhanced exosome production due to intratumoral hypoxia, the uptake of cancer cell-derived exosomes by endothelial cells (ECs) stimulates angiogenesis (30).…”

Section: Exosomes In Tumor Angiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of tumor-isolated exosomes on suppression of immune reactions and cancer progression: A systematic review

Pashazadeh

2020

mjiri

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Background: Exosomes are extracellular cells (EVs) emancipated by various cell types and are involved in cell-to-cell transmission. In cancer diseases, exosomes emerge as local and systemic cells to cell mediators of oncogenic information and play a significant role in the advancement of cancer through the horizontal transfer of various molecules, such as proteins and miRNAs.Methods: In this study, 66 articles from PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Scopus were used as English sources.Results: The biological distribution of cancer cell-derived exosomes in tumor tissue is an important factor in detecting their role in tumor increase; on the other hand, a limited number of studies have examined the biodistribution of exosomes in tumor tissues. While exosomes function as cancer biomarkers and support cancer treatment, we have a long way to improve the antitumor treatment of exosomes and develop exosome-based cancer diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Conclusion:This review describes the science and significance of cancer pathogenesis and exosomes relative to cancer treatment resistance.

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“…Understanding the interplay between the microenvironment and tumor cells is critical in developing novel therapies. Although enhanced CAF activity by tumor secreted growth factors is well documented, it is still not clear what initiates CAF activation [16].…”

Section: Predictive Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Cell Signaling Pathways in Cancer

Harvey

2018

Predictive Biomarkers in Oncology

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There are many different signaling pathways that contribute to development and cellular homeostasis. In diseases, especially cancer, development components of these pathways often become mutated or overexpressed causing dysregulation of cellular signaling. This chapter provides an overview of the key pathways involved in tumor development and progression and studies some of the complications associated with therapeutic targeting, namely signaling cross talk and biomarker identification.

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Evolution of breast cancer therapeutics: Breast tumour kinase’s role in breast cancer and hope for breast tumour kinase targeted therapy

Cited by 12 publications

References 90 publications

<p>Apoptotic and antimetastatic activities of betulin isolated from <em>Quercus incana</em> against non-small cell lung cancer cells</p>

<p>Apoptotic and antimetastatic activities of betulin isolated from <em>Quercus incana</em> against non-small cell lung cancer cells</p>

The role of tumor-isolated exosomes on suppression of immune reactions and cancer progression: A systematic review

Overview of Cell Signaling Pathways in Cancer

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