Evolution of a natural debris flow: In situ measurements of flow dynamics, video imagery, and terrestrial laser scanning

McCoy, S. W.; Kean, Jason W.; Coe, Jeffrey A.; Staley, Dennis M.; Wasklewicz, Thad; Tucker, G. E.

doi:10.1130/g30928.1

Cited by 144 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The general patterns of spatial and temporal variability of geomorphic responses in the Manival catchment is consistent with other recent reported monitoring studies on sediment dynamic in debris-flow channels (Berger et al, 2011a;Fuller and Marden, 2010;Imaizumi et al, 2006;McCoy et al, 2010;Remaître et al, 2005). The pulses of sediment supply from hillslopes during the winter accumulated in first-order channels and are transferred to their next higher order reaches during spring and summer storms by debrisflows.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…9). A similar observation of sediment retention after a debris-flow in a second-order steep-slope channel was made at the Chalk Cliffs experimental site in Colorado (McCoy et al, 2010). These temporary storages were released during long duration and low intensity rainfall events in autumn and were deposited as gravel wedges along the main channel, partly refilling the previous debris-flow scoured channel.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Sediment budget monitoring of debris-flow and bedload transport in the Manival Torrent, SE France

Theule¹,

Liébault²,

Loye³

et al. 2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

107

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Abstract. Steep mountain catchments typically experience large sediment pulses from hillslopes which are stored in headwater channels and remobilized by debris-flows or bedload transport. Event-based sediment budget monitoring in the active Manival debris-flow torrent in the French Alps during a two-year period gave insights into the catchment-scale sediment routing during moderate rainfall intensities which occur several times each year. The monitoring was based on intensive topographic resurveys of low-and high-order channels using different techniques (cross-section surveys with total station and high-resolution channel surveys with terrestrial and airborne laser scanning). Data on sediment output volumes from the main channel were obtained by a sediment trap. Two debris-flows were observed, as well as several bedload transport flow events. Sediment budget analysis of the two debris-flows revealed that most of the debris-flow volumes were supplied by channel scouring (more than 92 %). Bedload transport during autumn contributed to the sediment recharge of high-order channels by the deposition of large gravel wedges. This process is recognized as being fundamental for debris-flow occurrence during the subsequent spring and summer. A time shift of scour-and-fill sequences was observed between low-and high-order channels, revealing the discontinuous sediment transfer in the catchment during common flow events. A conceptual model of sediment routing for different event magnitude is proposed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Sediment budget monitoring of debris-flow and bedload transport in the Manival Torrent, SE France

Theule¹,

Liébault²,

Loye³

et al. 2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Physically based numerical models were developed to investigate runout distance and inundation patterns as well as flow heights and flow velocities (Crosta et al, 2003;D'Ambrosio et al, 2003;Medina et al, 2008;Hungr and McDougall, 2009;Christen et al, 2012). Only recently have researchers focused on better understanding the process by which debris flows entrain sediment from the bed of a torrent channel as part of the erosion process (e.g., Hungr et al, 2005;Mangeney et al, 2007;Berger et al, 2011;McCoy et al, 2010McCoy et al, , 2012McCoy et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of entrainment and bulking on debris flow runout modeling: examples from the Swiss Alps

Frank

McArdell

Huggel

et al. 2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

119

137

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Abstract. This study describes an investigation of channelbed entrainment of sediment by debris flows. An entrainment model, developed using field data from debris flows at the Illgraben catchment, Switzerland, was incorporated into the existing RAMMS debris-flow model, which solves the 2-D shallow-water equations for granular flows. In the entrainment model, an empirical relationship between maximum shear stress and measured erosion is used to determine the maximum potential erosion depth. Additionally, the average rate of erosion, measured at the same field site, is used to constrain the erosion rate. The model predicts plausible erosion values in comparison with field data from highly erosive debris flow events at the Spreitgraben torrent channel, Switzerland in 2010, without any adjustment to the coefficients in the entrainment model. We find that by including bulking due to entrainment (e.g., by channel erosion) in runout models a more realistic flow pattern is produced than in simulations where entrainment is not included. In detail, simulations without entrainment show more lateral outflow from the channel where it has not been observed in the field. Therefore the entrainment model may be especially useful for practical applications such as hazard analysis and mapping, as well as scientific case studies of erosive debris flows.

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“…Now the widespread acquisition of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data from active landslides [McCoy et al, 2010;e.g., Aryal et al, 2012] provide opportunities to develop quantitative methods to infer subsurface deformation character from surface displacements.…”

Section: Geophysical Research Letters Research Lettermentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide subsurface slip geometry inferred from 3‐D surface displacement fields

Aryal

Brooks

Reid

2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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The stability of many large landslides is determined in part by deformation along buried, often inaccessible, slip surfaces. Factors such as infiltrating rainfall on the slip surface lead to stability changes. Yet characterizing the depth and shape of this slip surface is challenging. Here we examine the hypothesis that the subsurface slip geometry can be constrained by ground surface displacements in concert with two, mechanically distinct, forward models. We estimate a 3-D ground displacement field for the slow-moving Cleveland Corral landslide in California using repeat terrestrial laser scanner data. We test the efficacy of two models to estimate slip depth and slip magnitude of the slide-a 2-D balanced cross-section method and an elastic dislocation model. The estimated slip surface depth using both methods matches in situ observations from shear rods installed in the slide within the ±0.45 m misfit indicating that these are valuable approaches for investigating landslide geometry and slip behavior.

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Evolution of a natural debris flow: In situ measurements of flow dynamics, video imagery, and terrestrial laser scanning

Cited by 144 publications

References 16 publications

Sediment budget monitoring of debris-flow and bedload transport in the Manival Torrent, SE France

Sediment budget monitoring of debris-flow and bedload transport in the Manival Torrent, SE France

The importance of entrainment and bulking on debris flow runout modeling: examples from the Swiss Alps

Landslide subsurface slip geometry inferred from 3‐D surface displacement fields

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