Evolution, Monitoring and Predicting Models of Rockburst

Abstract

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Spatial Characterization of Single-Cracked Space Based on Microcrack Distribution in Sandstone Failure

“…The loading test was implemented by uniaxial loading controlled by displacement, and the loading speed was set at 0.1 mm/min. Based on previous experimental experience and lead break tests [9,24,25], in this AE monitoring test, the acquisition threshold was set to 45 dB for minimizing the environmental noise effect, the sampling frequency was set to 1 MHz, and the preamplifier gain was set to 40 dB.…”

“…It is known that the original openings inside the rock are dislocated under loading, and the released energy during rupture propagates through the rock in the form of elastic waves, monitored as AE [8]. It has been widely used in rock mechanics and engineering for damage assessment and hazard warning [9][10][11].…”

“…AE monitoring was performed on rock failure experiments with different loading methods and paths, and the microcrack distribution results successfully indicated the real rupture location and the coincident damage shape [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. As a result, the microcracks were found to be more prevalent in severely damaged zones in the laboratory and the field [9]. Therefore, for a better visualization of the damage zone directly by the microcrack, the density estimation method was adopted on the microcrack distribution results to find severely damaged areas [19,20].…”

On the accurate strain measurements for the crack initiation determination

“…In the early 1900s, this phenomenon came into sight and brought more attention (Blake & Hedley 2003). Since then, incidents have been recorded in many places around the globe such as Sweden, Australia, Norway, Japan, USA, South Africa, Canada, China and Brazil (Martna 1972;Hargraves 1980;Selmer-Olsen 1988;Fujii et al 1997;Whyatt et al 2002;Brown & Hudyma 2017;Wang 2018). There are over 23 countries in which the rockburst phenomenon has been observed, including France, Russia, Ukraine, and others (Zhu et al 2019).…”

Assessment of the Impact Hazard of the Array Taking Into Account the Geological Features of the Structure of Electric Profiles

“…Currently, at the mines, in particular, at tashtagolskoye, for the regional forecast of the degree of impact hazard of the array, it is carried out mainly by methods of Electrometry and microseismics. The foreign experience of recent years is mainly limited to the coal deposits of China and Poland [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and is based on the study of similar individual issues, while focusing on the technology of mining and the mechanism of formation of a mining shock, rather than its forecast. The impact hazard of the array during electrometric measurements at the…”