Evolution during growth of the mechanical properties of the cortical bone in equine cannonbones

Bigot, G.; Bouzidi, A.; Rumelhart, C.; Martin‐Rosset, W.

doi:10.1016/1350-4533(95)00022-4

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It was important to examine quadrant effects, as other authors have shown significant differences for various mechanical properties between the different quadrants of the metacarpal cortex (1,6). A one-way Horse is nested within ConExp (control or exercised), and InOut (inner or outer) is crossed with both horse and control or exercised; there were no significant interactions between these treatments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise of young thoroughbred horses increases impact strength of the third metacarpal bone

Reilly

Currey

Goodship

1997

Journal Orthopaedic Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exercise can have a profound effect on bone mass, but little is known of its effect on bone's material properties. In this experiment, our hypothesis was that a large difference in the training regimen of young thoroughbreds would produce a measurable difference in the mechanical properties of their bone material. When they were about 19 months old, eight thoroughbred racehorses were given one of two exercise regimens that lasted for 19 weeks: four horses (controls) were walked for 40 minutes a day but had no other exercise, and the remaining four (exercised) were additionally trotted for 20 minutes a day and given progressively intensive exercise on a treadmill. Mechanical testing to failure was performed on longitudinal beam specimens of the mid-diaphysis of the metacarpal. There was no difference in Young's modulus or bending strength between the two groups, although these properties varied somewhat depending on the position within the cortex from which the specimens had come. The specimens from the exercised horses had a slightly higher toughness, as measured by work (area under the load-deformation curve). They had a considerably higher impact strength. The impact strength of specimens from the outer cortex was also higher than that of those from the inner cortex in both groups. Impact strength correlated positively with the amount of microcracking produced during testing. Microcracking is related to structural and microstructural features in the bone. Increased loading caused the bone to respond in a way that enhanced its ability to microcrack and hence its toughness.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise of young thoroughbred horses increases impact strength of the third metacarpal bone

Reilly

Currey

Goodship

1997

Journal Orthopaedic Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, Comodi and colleagues found very little change in the P-O bond lengths of phosphate, even when applying 4.72 GPa5. This pressure is far greater than that needed to fracture equine third metacarpals in 4-point bending (bending strength = 227 ± 27 MPa)20 Hence, it is very likely that the PO 4 −3 ν 1 band shift is entirely due to changes that occur in spacing between the ions of phosphate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress mapping of undamaged, strained, and failed regions of bone using Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stress differences via spectral shifts that arise among failed, strained, and undamaged regions of bone can be determined using Raman spectroscopy and double-notch specimens. A double-notch specimen is a model in which the early stages of fracture can be examined. Upon four-point bending, fracture occurs at one of the notches. Tissue near each notch is representative of bone in a state either directly before or after bone failure. Raman images were acquired among three regions: control, strained (root of unbroken notch), and failed (root of fractured notch). The center of gravities (CGs), a way to monitor wavenumber shifts, of the phosphate ν 1 band were calculated. A PO 4 −3 ν 1 band shift most likely corresponded to a change in spacing between phosphate cations and anions. This spectral shift was converted into stress values using the dν/dP coefficient, determined by applying known pressures/stresses and measuring the change in position of the PO 4 −3 ν 1 band. In comparison to control regions, the residual stress in strained and failed regions was significantly higher (p=0.0425 and p=0.0169, respectively). In strained regions, residual stress was concentrated near the corners of the unbroken notch, whereas in failed regions the high stresses were confined near the edge of the fracture.

show abstract

“…There are only a few studies on skeletally immature individuals in the literature [23][24][25][26] and these have dealt exclusively with compact bone tissue. As far as we are aware this is the first report which connects and clarifies the relationship between age, the physical/compositional properties and the mechanical properties of trabecular bone tissue in the skeletally immature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of growing trabecular ovine bone

Nafei¹,

Danielsen²,

Linde³

et al. 2000

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our aim was to determine the relationship between age and the mechanical and physical properties of trabecular bone, to describe the patterns in which the variations in these properties take place, and to investigate the influence of the physical properties on the mechanical characteristics of trabecular bone during growth. We used 30 lambs in three age groups and 20 sheep in two age groups. Cubes of subchondral bone were cut from the proximal tibia according to a standardised protocol. We performed non-destructive compression tests of the specimens in three orthogonal directions and compression tests to failure in the axial direction. The physical properties of the specimens were also determined. The data were correlated with age and compared in skeletally immature and mature animals. Multiple regression analyses were performed between the mechanical and the physical properties.Age correlated positively with elastic modulus, bone strength, energy absorption to failure, elastic energy, mechanical anisotropy ratio, tissue density, apparent density, apparent ash density, and bone mineral content, and inversely with ultimate strain, viscoelastic energy absorption, relative energy loss, the collagen content of bone and the percentage porosity. The values of all variables were significantly different in the skeletally mature and immature groups. The apparent density of trabecular bone tissue was found to be the major predictor of its compressive mechanical properties. Together with the content of bone muscle and bone collagen, the apparent density could explain 84% of the variation in the elastic modulus, whereas only a small portion of the variation in ultimate strain could be explained by the variation in apparent density. There are many reports which discuss the relationship between age and the physical properties of trabecular bone during the period of growth 1-3 but there is no detailed information about these properties in skeletally immature individuals. The relationship of the bone mineral content to age has been studied most extensively using indirect methods of estimation such as ultrasound 4 and dual-energyx-ray absorptiometry, 1 and CT. 2 It has also been studied in relation to the mechanical properties of bone 5-8 as has the collagen content of cortical bone. [9][10][11] There are only a few reports on the porosity of the bone tissue, 12,13 and none on the physical and mechanical properties of trabecular bone in relation to the skeletal maturity of the same material. It has been postulated solely on clinical observations and experience that the bone tissue of skeletally immature individuals behaves differently from that of adults. It has also been suggested that the degree of mechanical anisotropy of trabecular bone may change with increasing weight-bearing.We have therefore investigated the variations in the mechanical and physical properties of trabecular bone in relation to age in skeletally immature individuals to determine the patterns in which these variations take place, and to describe how much o...

show abstract

Evolution during growth of the mechanical properties of the cortical bone in equine cannonbones

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Exercise of young thoroughbred horses increases impact strength of the third metacarpal bone

Exercise of young thoroughbred horses increases impact strength of the third metacarpal bone

Stress mapping of undamaged, strained, and failed regions of bone using Raman spectroscopy

Properties of growing trabecular ovine bone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About