Evolution and historical biogeography of a parasite–host assemblage: Alcataenia spp. (Cyclophyllidea: Dilepididae) in Alcidae (Charadriiformes)

Abstract

HOBERG, E. P. 1986. Evolution and historical biogeography of a parasite-host assemblage: Alcataenia spp. (Cyclophyllidea: Dilepididae) in Alcidae (Charadriiformes) . Can. J. Zool . 64: 2576-2589.The methodology of phylogenetic systematics was used to develop hypotheses for the evolution of eight species of Alcataenia, a group of host-specific cestodes of the Alcidae and, to a lesser extent, the Laridae (Charadriiformes). Concurrently, aspects of the early biogeography of alcids were reevaluated making it possible to study the historical and distributional relationships of parasites and hosts. The most parsimonious hypothesis for the phylogeny of Ale-crtcrenicr suggested that sequential colonization or host switching with limited coevolution (coaccommodation) by parasites best explained the distributional patterns exhibited by Alcataenia spp. Morphological evolution of specific species of Alcataenia accompanied host switching, but was limited subsequent to the initial event of colonization. Thus evolution of these parasites following colonization lagged behind continuing diversification of the host group. Although alcids are an ancient group, as indicated by palaeontological and phylogenetic data, their cestode fauna is apparently not. It is postulated that Alcataenia spp. were acquired by their characteristic hosts in the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, following diversification of the Alcidae at the generic level during the Miocene. Host distributions of respective Alcataenia spp. are more narrow than expected, considering the relatively young age of this assemblage. The current paradigm linking pronounced host specificity with coevolution of hosts and parasites in assemblages of great evolutionary age is not supported.HOBERG, E. P. 1986. Evolution and historical biogeography of a parasite-host assemblage: Alcataenia spp. (Cyclophyllidea: Dilepididae) in Alcidae (Charadriiforrnes). Can. J . Zool. 64: 2576-2589. La mCthodologie propre a la systCmatique phylogCnCtique a servi a Claborer des hypotheses sur 1'6volution de huit especes d'Alcataenia, un groupe de cestodes spkifiques aux Alcidae et, a un degr6 moindre, aux Laridae (Charadriiformes). En outre, certains aspects de la biogkographie primitive des alcidCs ont CtC rkexamines de fason a permettre 1'Ctude des relations historiques et geographiques des parasites et des hates. L'hypothese la plus simple sur la phylogenie d'Alcataenia suggere que la colonisation ~Cquentielle, ou changement d'h6te par les parasites et coCvolution limitCe (coaccomodation), est le phCnomkne qui peut 1e mieux expliquer la repartition actuelle des especes d'Alcatuenia. Certaines espkces particulieres d'Alcataenia ont subi une Cvolution morphologique en changeant d'hate, mais cette Cvolution a 6tC ralentie apres le debut de la colonisation. L'6volution de ces parasites aprks la colonisation a donc pris du retard par rapport a la diversification continue du groupe hate. Bien que les Alcidae constituent un groupe ancien, d'apres 1es donnCes pal6ontologiques et phylogCnCtiques, la f...

Historical biogeography and modes of speciation across high-latitude seas of the Holarctic: concepts for host – parasite coevolution among the Phocini (Phocidae) and Tetrabothriidae (Eucestoda)

“…However, the Holarctic distributions of euphausiids (e.g., T inermis (Kroyer) and T. raschii (Sars)) (Ponomareva 1963) and the exceptionally broad ranges exhibited by a wide array of zooplankton species (Reid et al 1978) suggest that climatic fluctuations over the past 3 Ma generally resulted in minimal diversification. This contrasts with evidence for intense isolation and vicariance of seabird (Hoberg 1986(Hoberg , 1992Siegel-Causey 199 1 ;Warheit 1992) and pinniped populations (Shaughnessey and Fay 1977) during the late Tertiary and Pleistocene.…”

“…Allopatric speciation of pinnipeds, seabirds, and helminth parasites in the Holarctic was driven by isolation in response to habitat disruption during cyclical glacial stages through the late Tertiary and Pleistocene (Hoberg 1986(Hoberg , 1992. In this regime, colonization of Phoca sp.…”

“…These hypotheses followed from empirical evidence derived from the phylogenies of parasites and hosts, patterns of host and parasite association, and historical biogeography of phocines (Hoberg 1986;Hoberg and Adams 1992). However, a putative role for intermediate and paratenic hosts in influencing parasite speciation must be evaluated (Hoberg 1992).…”

“…In these environments, isolation and speciation of Anophryocephalus and pinniped hosts could have proceeded independently of that of more broadly distributed populations of intermediate and paratenic hosts. Parasite populations appear to be strongly influenced by the distributions of relatively vagile definitive hosts that disseminate infective stages for the intermediate host (Hoberg 1986;Hoberg and Adams 1992). Consequently, cohesion within broadly distributed species of macrozooplankton or pelagic fishes is a process that must be decoupled from gene flow within parasite populations.…”

Patterns and processes influencing helminth parasites of Arctic coastal communities during climate change

“…Intermediate hosts of these parasites are crustaceans, which are abundant in the nearshore areas of the Arctic seas. For these reasons, the fauna of cestodes and acanthocephalans in the Arctic is less depauperate than that of trematodes (Markov, 1941;Baer, 1956Baer, , 1962Threlfall, 1968Threlfall, , 1971Hoberg, 1986;Galaktionov, 1996a;Kuklin, 2001;Hoberg et al, 2013). Cestodes (e.g.…”