Evolution and heterogeneity of multiple serotypes of Dengue virus in Pakistan, 2006–2011

Koo, Carmen; Nasir, Amna; Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha; Lee, Kim-Sung; Hasan, Zahra; Ng, Lee Ching; Khan, Erum

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-10-275

Cited by 63 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As Pakistan moves toward an endemic transmission setting in the northeast of the country, however, serotype data will be increasingly important to determine how strain dynamics are likely to affect the likelihood of outbreaks (28). Indeed, we believe that the substantial lag time in Lahore we observed was probably due to the recent large outbreak in 2011, which may have generated substantial immunity and delayed the 2013 epidemic (16,29). A box is drawn if suitability multiplied by estimated introduction events is greater than 0, indicating a nonnegative risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Impact of human mobility on the emergence of dengue epidemics in Pakistan

Wesolowski

Qureshi

Boni

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

427

401

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The recent emergence of dengue viruses into new susceptible human populations throughout Asia and the Middle East, driven in part by human travel on both local and global scales, represents a significant global health risk, particularly in areas with changing climatic suitability for the mosquito vector. In Pakistan, dengue has been endemic for decades in the southern port city of Karachi, but large epidemics in the northeast have emerged only since 2011. Pakistan is therefore representative of many countries on the verge of countrywide endemic dengue transmission, where prevention, surveillance, and preparedness are key priorities in previously dengue-free regions. We analyze spatially explicit dengue case data from a large outbreak in Pakistan in 2013 and compare the dynamics of the epidemic to an epidemiological model of dengue virus transmission based on climate and mobility data from ∼40 million mobile phone subscribers. We find that mobile phone-based mobility estimates predict the geographic spread and timing of epidemics in both recently epidemic and emerging locations. We combine transmission suitability maps with estimates of seasonal dengue virus importation to generate fine-scale dynamic risk maps with direct application to dengue containment and epidemic preparedness.dengue | human mobility | Pakistan | mobile phones | epidemiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Impact of human mobility on the emergence of dengue epidemics in Pakistan

Wesolowski

Qureshi

Boni

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

427

401

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Pakistan has witnessed several outbreaks of dengue virus infection since 1994, which have led to significant morbidity and mortality in the past and imposed a great economic burden on the country (16,18). The disease was initially restricted to Southern Pakistan, particularly Karachi, the capital of Sindh Province, and subsequently extended to cause major epidemics in Northern Pakistan as well (19 (19). A major dengue epidemic was reported in 2011 in Lahore.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based serotype analysis of dengue virus during 2015 dengue outbreak in Pakistan

Ghani

Mushtaq

Khan

2017

East Mediterr Health J

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Analyse des sérotypes du virus de la dengue par amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe pendant la flambée de dengue de 2015 à Rawalpindi (Pakistan) RÉSUMÉ La dengue est l'une des plus importantes maladies virales transmises par des arthropodes. Elle est endémique dans plus de 125 pays dont le Pakistan, l'incidence mondiale étant comprise entre 50 et 200 millions. Nous avons déterminé la fréquence des différents sérotypes du virus de la dengue pour mettre en évidence son hyperendémicité à Rawalpindi (Pakistan). Les échantillons de sérum de 140 patients susceptibles d'avoir contracté le virus de la dengue ont été analysés entre mai et octobre 2015 à l'aide du test ELISA et de l'amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. Cent huit patients étaient infectés par le sérotype 2, 16 par le sérotype 3, sept par le sérotype 4 et trois par le sérotype 1. Trois patients étaient infectés par les sérotypes 1 et 2, un patient par les sérotypes 1 et 4 et un autre par les séroptypes 2 et 3. L'incidence de la dengue a considérablement augmenté ces 50 dernières années et elle s'est étendue à des zones qui étaient précédemment exemptes de la maladie. Le sérotype 2 était prédominant dans notre population suivi par le sérotype 3. Il n'existe actuellement aucun traitement spécifique pour la dengue. La lutte antivectorielle et la vaccination constituent les seules méthodes efficaces pour prévenir les flambées futures. ABSTRACT Dengue is one of the most important arthropod-borne viral diseases. It is endemic in > 125 countries including Pakistan, with a global incidence of 50-200 million. We determined the frequency of different serotypes of dengue virus to highlight its hyperendemicity in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Between May and October 2015 we analysed the serum samples of 140 patients with a suspicion of dengue, using ELISA and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. One hundred and eight were infected with serotype 2, 16 with serotype 3, 7 with serotype 4 and 3 with serotype 1. Three patients were infected with serotypes 1 and 2, and 1 each with serotypes 1 and 4 and serotypes 2 and 3. Incidence of dengue has increased many fold in the past 50 years and has expanded to areas that were previously free from the disease. Serotype 2 was predominant in our population followed by serotype 3. There is currently no specific treatment for dengue, and vector control and vaccination are the only effective methods to prevent future outbreaks.

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“…Dengue virus (DENV) recurred in 2010, mainly in Sindh, Punjab and certain cities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. After 2010, natural calamities like floods continued throughout the year, and DENV-2 and DENV-3 were reported and it was claimed that the prevailing serotype is a lower occurrence of DENV-4 [4]. Modern suggestions predicted that the fifth DENV type is supposed to be as infectious as the other four types and will follow the same pattern of geographical and environmental region [5].…”

Section: Aedes Mosquitoes Namely Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictusmentioning

confidence: 99%