Evolução da competição eleitoral municipal no Brasil (1996 a 2012)

Peixoto, Vitor de Moraes; Goulart, Nelson Luis Motta

doi:10.4322/tp.2014.012

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…To measure this, we used the effective party index of Laakso & Taagepera (1979), applied to candidates. We find that in the executive, in general, disputes tend to have between 2 and 3 effective candidates, replicating the duality of presidential disputes of the last two decades, in accordance with the results presented by Peixoto & Goulart (2014) for the national level. In the legislative, all municipalities have reasonable degrees of electoral dispute, which indicates that there is no "guaranteed chair" for thein cumbents -which, through the argument of rational incentives, leads the electtopay more attention to citizens for fear of thet hreat to be changed 1 Agradeço aos pareceristas anônimos da Revista Guaju pelos apontamentos e sugestões à versão preliminar deste texto.…”

supporting

confidence: 74%

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16 anos de competição eleitoral no litoral do Paraná (2000-2016): índices e resultados

Carlomagno

2017

Guaju

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ResumoAnalisamos os indicadores de competição política nos sete municípios do litoral do Paraná, entre 2000 e 2016, para traçar um panorama sobre as mudanças na representação política ocorridas no período. Assumimos e explicamos o argumento teórico de Aldrich & Griffin (2007) de que maior competição eleitoral leva à maior responsividade do eleito para com os eleitores e, portanto, é um elemento importante para avaliar representação política. Para medir isso, utilizamos o índice de partidos efetivos de Laakso & Taagepera (1979), aplicado aos candidatos. Descobrimos que no tocante ao executivo, em geral, as disputas tendem a ter entre 2 e 3 candidatos efetivos, replicando a dualidade de disputas presidenciais das duas últimas décadas, em consonância com os resultados apresentados por Peixoto & Goulart (2014), em pesquisa de nível nacional. No legislativo, todos os municípios apresentam graus razoáveis de disputa eleitoral, o que indica que não há "cadeira garantida" para os mandatários -o que, pelo argumento dos incentivos racionais, leva os eleitos a prestarem mais atenção nos cidadãos, por medo da ameaça de serem trocados nas próprias eleições. Contudo, se destaca negativamente, no conjunto de municípios, a cidade de Guaraqueçaba, cujos índices de competição, tanto no legislativo quanto no executivo, apresentam queda constante no período analisado, o que pode levar ao comprometimento da representação política. Palavras-chave: Eleições. Competição eleitoral. Representação política. Política local. Litoral do Paraná. AbstractWe analyzed the indicators of political competition in the seven municipalities of the coast of Paraná, between 2000 and 2016, to outline the changes in political representation that occurred in the period. We assume and explain Aldrich & Griffin's (2007) theoretical argument that greater electoral competition leads to greater responsiveness of the electto voters -and thus is an important element in assessing political representation. To measure this, we used the effective party index of Laakso & Taagepera (1979), applied to candidates. We find that in the executive, in general, disputes tend to have between 2 and 3 effective candidates, replicating the duality of presidential disputes of the last two decades, in accordance with the results presented by Peixoto & Goulart (2014) for the national level. In the legislative, all municipalities have reasonable degrees of electoral dispute, which indicates that there is no "guaranteed chair" for thein cumbents -which, through the argument of rational incentives, leads the electtopay more attention to citizens for fear of thet hreat to be changed 1 Agradeço aos pareceristas anônimos da Revista Guaju pelos apontamentos e sugestões à versão preliminar deste texto. Os bancos de dados utilizados neste artigo estão disponíveis na conta deste autor no repositório Dataverse do Instituto de Ciências Sociais Quantitativas da Universidade de Harvard e pode ser acessado diretamente pelo link: http://dx

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supporting

confidence: 74%

“…A competição eleitoral, no Brasil, é um tema em ascensão nos estudos nacionais, em especial pela relativamente recente acessibilidade a um universo imenso de dados, com estudos importantes, inclusive, sobre a esfera municipal (PEIXOTO; GOULART, 2014;PERES et al, 2010;CONCEIÇÃO, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

16 anos de competição eleitoral no litoral do Paraná (2000-2016): índices e resultados

Carlomagno

2017

Guaju

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“…To visualize the topological structure identified by SAM, we feed the final weighted PCA matrix, true0Pfalse^, into UMAP (Becht et al, 2019) using Pearson correlation as the distance metric by default. To directly visualize the final kNN adjacency matrix (Figure 1c), we used the Fruchterman-Reingold force-directed layout algorithm and drawing tools implemented in the Python package graph-tool (Peixoto, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The local clustering coefficient is defined asai=Liki|ki-1where Li is the number of edges between the ki neighbors of node i and measures the degree of connectedness in a particular node’s local neighborhood. We calculate the NACC using the implementation in graph-tool (Peixoto, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembling manifolds in single-cell RNA sequencing data

Tarashansky

Xue

et al. 2019

eLife

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Single-cell RNA sequencing has spurred the development of computational methods that enable researchers to classify cell types, delineate developmental trajectories, and measure molecular responses to external perturbations. Many of these technologies rely on their ability to detect genes whose cell-to-cell variations arise from the biological processes of interest rather than transcriptional or technical noise. However, for datasets in which the biologically relevant differences between cells are subtle, identifying these genes is challenging. We present the self-assembling manifold (SAM) algorithm, an iterative soft feature selection strategy to quantify gene relevance and improve dimensionality reduction. We demonstrate its advantages over other state-of-the-art methods with experimental validation in identifying novel stem cell populations of Schistosoma mansoni, a prevalent parasite that infects hundreds of millions of people. Extending our analysis to a total of 56 datasets, we show that SAM is generalizable and consistently outperforms other methods in a variety of biological and quantitative benchmarks.

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“…The Presence of Incumbents Electoral Competition And Reelection in Brazil (1990Brazil ( -2014 (2020) 14 (1) e0003 -12/36 (GOLOSOV, 2010;NICOLAU, 2006;PEIXOTO and GOULART, 2014). In this text, we 'define electoral competition as the level of dispute between the candidates or parties for votes'.…”

Section: Vd: Electoral Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%