Evoked Potential Findings in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury 1: Middle Latency Component Augmentation and Cognitive Component Attenuation

Closed head injury-related information processing deficits: An event-related potential analysis

“…Studies focusing on later, cognitive components have yielded more positive, if inconsistent, results. The findings on N200 are mixed, with a number of studies reporting either anomalous amplitudes (e.g., Rugg et al, 1993;Solbakk et al, 1999), or latencies (e.g., Reinvang et al, 2000;Solbakk et al, 2000), or both (Baguley et al, 1997;Ford and Khalil, 1996). Abnormalities in P300 following head injury, however, have been observed somewhat more regularly.…”

“…Abnormalities in P300 following head injury, however, have been observed somewhat more regularly. The majority of studies have found that P300 amplitude is attenuated in head-injury survivors (e.g., Campbell et al, 1986;Ford and Khalil, 1996), although some have not (e.g., Potter and Barrett, 1999, Potter et al, 2001, 2002Sangal and Sangal, 1996). A number of studies have observed a prolongation of P300 latency (e.g., Reinvang et al, 2000;Unsal and Segalowitz, 1995), yet an almost equal number have not (e.g., Bernstein, 2002;Lavoie et al, 2004).…”

Decreased prefrontal cortex activity in mild traumatic brain injury during performance of an auditory oddball task

“…Most studies report attenuation of P3b amplitude (e.g. Campbell et al 1986Campbell et al , 1990Ford and Khalil 1996;Segalowitz et al 1997Segalowitz et al , 2001Solbakk et al 1999Solbakk et al , 2000Bernstein 2002;Duncan et al 2005;Dupuis et al 2000;Gosselin et al 2006;de Beaumont et al 2007;Lavoie et al 2004). A reduction in P3b amplitude in TBI patients suggests a corresponding reduction in attentional resources allocated to updating working memory traces as compared with healthy controls (Duncan et al 2005).…”

“…A reduction in P3b amplitude in TBI patients suggests a corresponding reduction in attentional resources allocated to updating working memory traces as compared with healthy controls (Duncan et al 2005). Only a small proportion of existing TBI ERP studies reported abnormalities in N2 or an earlier-peaking P3a ERP thought to more directly reflect attentional-orienting (Curry 1980;Clark et al 1992;Ford and Khalil 1996;Solbakk et al 1999;Potter et al 2001;Duncan et al 2003Duncan et al , 2005, which strongly suggests inquiry should focus on any abnormalities of P3b-related (i.e., target-detection) brain activity.…”

Mild traumatic brain injury: Graph-model characterization of brain networks for episodic memory

“…Several investigations have applied electrophysiological methods (EEG, MEG, and ERPs) to study brain function in MTBI (e.g. Ford and Khalil, 1996;Gaetz et al, 2000;Gaetz, 2002;Lewine et al, 1999;Nuwer et al, 2005;Pointinger et al, 2002;Gaetz and Bernstein, 2001;Nuwer, 1997;Wallace et al, 2001;Thatcher et al, 1989), although EEG studies of memory task-related changes in MTBI are scarce. In normative studies, episodic memory has been studied extensively with the majority of studies focusing on EEG oscillations in the alpha and theta bands (e.g., Doppelmayr et al, 1998;Klimesch et al, 2001aKlimesch et al, , 2008.…”