“…It is likely that bioreduced Se 2could also be employed to capture Hg 2+ from water, and this study supports this assumption. In previous work, selenium has been used to capture mercury because of the formation of HgSe, with the atom ratio between selenium and mercury being close to 1 (Yang et al, 2011). In the present study, precipitated particles mainly contained selenium and mercury with an atom ratio, calculated according to EDS spectra, of approximately 1.23, which also suggested the presence of HgSe.…”
Section: Chemical State Of Hg and Sesupporting
confidence: 70%
“…Thus, better methods for mercury remediation should involve trapping of elemental mercury or precipitation which would prevent volatilization (Xiong et al, 2009;Sinha and Khare, 2012). Recently, a few studies show that bacterially generated Se 0 can been used to immobilize Hg 0 based on their reaction (Belzile et al, 2006;Johnson et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2009;Fellowes et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011;Jiang et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2016).…”
Mercury contamination is a global concern because of its high toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulative nature, long distance transport and wide distribution in the environment. In this study, the efficiency and multiple-pathway remediation mechanisms of Hg by a selenite reducing Escherichia coli was assessed. E. coli can reduce Hg to Hg and Hg and selenite to selenide at the same time. This makes a multiple-pathway mechanisms for removal of Hg from water in addition to biosorption. It was found that when the original Hg concentration was 40μgL, 93.2±2.8% of Hg was removed from solution by E. coli. Of the total Hg removed, it was found that 3.3±0.1% was adsorbed to the bacterium, 2.0±0.5% was bioaccumulated, and 7.3±0.6% was volatilized into the ambient environment, and most (80.6±5.7%) Hg was removed as HgSe and HgCl precipitates and Hg. On one hand, selenite is reduced to selenide and the latter further reacts with Hg to form HgSe precipitates. On the other hand Hg is successively reduced to Hg, which forms solid HgCl, and Hg. This is the report on bacterially transformation of Hg to HgSe, HgCl and Hg via multiple pathways. It is suggested that E. coli or other selenite reducing microorganisms are promising candidates for mercury bioremediation of contaminated wastewaters, as well as simultaneous removal of Hg and selenite.
“…It is likely that bioreduced Se 2could also be employed to capture Hg 2+ from water, and this study supports this assumption. In previous work, selenium has been used to capture mercury because of the formation of HgSe, with the atom ratio between selenium and mercury being close to 1 (Yang et al, 2011). In the present study, precipitated particles mainly contained selenium and mercury with an atom ratio, calculated according to EDS spectra, of approximately 1.23, which also suggested the presence of HgSe.…”
Section: Chemical State Of Hg and Sesupporting
confidence: 70%
“…Thus, better methods for mercury remediation should involve trapping of elemental mercury or precipitation which would prevent volatilization (Xiong et al, 2009;Sinha and Khare, 2012). Recently, a few studies show that bacterially generated Se 0 can been used to immobilize Hg 0 based on their reaction (Belzile et al, 2006;Johnson et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2009;Fellowes et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011;Jiang et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2016).…”
Mercury contamination is a global concern because of its high toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulative nature, long distance transport and wide distribution in the environment. In this study, the efficiency and multiple-pathway remediation mechanisms of Hg by a selenite reducing Escherichia coli was assessed. E. coli can reduce Hg to Hg and Hg and selenite to selenide at the same time. This makes a multiple-pathway mechanisms for removal of Hg from water in addition to biosorption. It was found that when the original Hg concentration was 40μgL, 93.2±2.8% of Hg was removed from solution by E. coli. Of the total Hg removed, it was found that 3.3±0.1% was adsorbed to the bacterium, 2.0±0.5% was bioaccumulated, and 7.3±0.6% was volatilized into the ambient environment, and most (80.6±5.7%) Hg was removed as HgSe and HgCl precipitates and Hg. On one hand, selenite is reduced to selenide and the latter further reacts with Hg to form HgSe precipitates. On the other hand Hg is successively reduced to Hg, which forms solid HgCl, and Hg. This is the report on bacterially transformation of Hg to HgSe, HgCl and Hg via multiple pathways. It is suggested that E. coli or other selenite reducing microorganisms are promising candidates for mercury bioremediation of contaminated wastewaters, as well as simultaneous removal of Hg and selenite.
“…Moreover, an antagonistic effect between Se and Hg on toxicity (Parizek and Ostadalova 1967) and Hg bioaccumulation (Belzile et al 2009) has been systematically observed. A formation of innocuous compound of (Hg-Se) m has been proposed (Yoneda and Suzuki 1997;Yang et al 2011). Thus, Hg-Se antagonism may alleviate the individual increased concentrations of Hg and Se measured in our sample of autumn-migrating common loons at Lake Erie (Ohlendorf et al 1991;).…”
Section: Concentrations Of Inorganic Contaminants In Common Loonssupporting
Common loons (Gavia immer) are piscivorous, high-trophic level feeders that bioaccumulate inorganic contaminants at concentrations that can negatively impact their health and reproduction. Concentrations of inorganic contaminants, especially mercury (Hg), in blood, organs, and muscle have been quantified in common loons on breeding grounds, but these data are limited for migrating loons. We investigated sex- and age-related hepatic concentrations of inorganic contaminants in common loons (n = 53) that died from botulism and were salvaged at a Great Lakes staging area (i.e., Long Point, Lake Erie) during November 2005. We also investigated if hepatic concentrations of inorganic contaminants influenced lipid, protein, and mineral in our sample of migrant common loons. Last, we determined if there was correlation between Hg and selenium (Se). Consistent with data from breeding grounds, mean concentrations of Hg in liver were approximately 2.5 times greater in adult ([Formula: see text] = 14.64 ± 16.69 μg g(-1)) compared with juvenile birds ([Formula: see text] = 3.99 ± 2.27 μg g(-1)). Elements detected in liver at potentially harmful levels were Hg and Se, of which lipid reserves varied negatively with Hg concentrations but positively with Se concentrations. In addition, Hg and Se were correlated (r = 0.65) at greater then a demethylation threshold (total Hg ≥ 8.5 μg g(-1) dw) but not lower than that. Concentrations of inorganic contaminants did not influence protein and mineral levels in our sample of common loons. Our results suggest that Hg accumulation negatively affects lipid levels in migrant common loons. Results are also consistent with a nontoxic Hg-Se protein complex protecting loons migrating through areas that are relatively Se rich. Although the acquisition of Se during the nonbreeding season may decrease the toxicity of Hg, future research should consider the synergistic Hg-Se effect on reproduction in common loons that migrate through Se-rich locales, such as the Great Lakes.
“…These findings suggest that chronic exposure to high selenium concentrations may prevent mercury uptake (Yang et al 2010). It appears that eventual formation of inert, inorganic mercuric selenide depends on initial formation of selenoproteins (selenomethionine and selenocysteine) as well as the availability of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione, which mediates the process (Yang et al 2008(Yang et al , 2011. In fish that are native to the Estuary, the protective effect of selenium against methylmercury toxicity was demonstrated in laboratory studies on larval Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) that were fed selenomethionine before being fed a dose of mercury .…”
Section: Metals and The Metalloid Seleniummentioning
Human effects on estuaries are often associated with major decreases in abundance of aquatic species. However, remediation priorities are difficult to identify when declines result from multiple stressors with interacting sublethal effects. The San Francisco Estuary offers a useful case study of the potential role of contaminants in declines of organisms because the waters of its delta chronically violate legal water quality standards; however, direct effects of contaminants on fish species are rarely observed. Lack of direct lethality in the field has prevented consensus that contaminants may be one of the major drivers of coincident but unexplained declines of fishes with differing life histories and habitats (anadromous, brackish, and freshwater). Estuaries and Coasts (2012) 35:603-621 DOI 10.1007/s12237-011-9459-6 indicates that examining the effects of contaminants and other stressors on specific life stages in different seasons and salinity zones of the estuary is critical to identifying how several interacting stressors could contribute to a general syndrome of declines. Moreover, warming water temperatures of the magnitude projected by climate models increase metabolic rates of ectotherms, and can hasten elimination of some contaminants. However, for other pollutants, concurrent increases in respiratory rate or food intake result in higher doses per unit time without changes in the contaminant concentrations in the water. Food limitation and energetic costs of osmoregulating under altered salinities further limit the amount of energy available to fish; this energy must be redirected from growth and reproduction toward pollutant avoidance, enzymatic detoxification, or elimination. Because all of these processes require energy, bioenergetics methods are promising for evaluating effects of sublethal contaminants in the presence of other stressors, and for informing remediation. Predictive models that evaluate the direct and indirect effects of contaminants will be possible when data become available on energetic costs of exposure to contaminants given simultaneous exposure to non-contaminant stressors.
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