Evidence that Cell Death is Associated with Zebra Chip Disease in Potato Tubers

Miles, Godfrey P.; Samuel, Marcus A.; Chen, Jianchi; Civerolo, Edwin L.; Munyaneza, Joseph E.

doi:10.1007/s12230-010-9140-9

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In contrast, fresh tubers from zebra chip-affected potato plants exhibit collapsed stolons, dramatic browning of vascular tissue concomitant with necrotic flecking of internal tissues and streaking of the medullary ray tissues, all of which can affect the entire tuber. Upon frying, these symptoms become more pronounced and resulting chips show very dark blotches, stripes, or streaks, making them commercially unacceptable (Munyaneza et al 2007b;Secor et al 2009;Crosslin et al 2010;Miles et al 2010). Zebra chip has recently been associated with a previously undescribed species the bacterium liberibacter, designated "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (syn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey and molecular detection of phytoplasmas associated with potato in Romania and southern Russia

Ember¹,

Ács²,

Munyaneza³

et al. 2011

Eur J Plant Pathol

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In recent years, emerging phytoplasma diseases of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) have increasingly become important in central and eastern Europe. Accurate identification of phytoplasmas and their insect vectors is essential to developing effective management strategies for diseases caused by these plant pathogens. Potato phytoplasma diseases in Europe were for a long time diagnosed only on the basis of visual symptoms. However, this approach is not very reliable and the use of modern molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is required in order to accurately determine the etiology of these phytoplasma diseases. A survey and identification of phytoplasmas associated with potato crops in Romania and southern Russia were conducted based on modern molecular techniques. Symptomatic potato plants were collected from several fields and tested for phytoplasmas by PCR.Also, selected crops and weeds in the vicinity of these potato fields were sampled and tested for phytoplasmas. Stolbur ("Candidatus Phytoplasma solani"; 16SrXII-A) was the only phytoplasma detected in potato and adjacent crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), and beet (Beta vulgaris). This phytoplasma was also detected in weeds, particularly Convolvulus arvensis, Cuscuta sp., and Euphorbia falcata. Genotyping of obtained stolbur isolates on tuf genes revealed that they all had the same RFLP profile corresponding to the tuf-type 'b' (VK Type II). Stolbur-affected potato plants produced a large number of spongy tubers that resulted in commercially unacceptable potato chips upon processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey and molecular detection of phytoplasmas associated with potato in Romania and southern Russia

Ember¹,

Ács²,

Munyaneza³

et al. 2011

Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…The induced autofluorescence was also observed in samples hybridized without the Liberibacter probe. Presumably, the induced autofluorescence corresponded with induction of phenolics such as lignin following Liberibacter infection (Navarre et al 2009;Miles et al 2010). The intense yellow autofluorescence impeded the observation of green fluorescence associated with the Alexa 488 probe designed to bind with Liberibacter.…”

Section: Migration Of Liberibactermentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Plant Vascular Architecture and Within-Plant Distribution of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ in Potato

Cooper¹,

Alcala

Bárcenas

2014

Am. J. Potato Res.

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'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' is an important pathogen of Solanaceous crops that causes zebra chip disease of potato. This pathogen is transmitted among plants by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli. Within-plant spatial variability in Liberibacter infection impedes the ability to detect the bacterium before the onset of visible symptoms. The goal of our study was to test whether vascular architecture of potato explains the uneven distribution of Liberibacter after inoculation of leaves. The movement of rhodamine B among leaves was used to identify vascular connectivity among leaves. Three weeks after inoculating a single leaf with Liberibacter, the pathogen infected significantly more leaflets that had direct vascular connectivity with the inoculated leaf than leaflets with minimal connectivity. In a separate study, significantly more psyllids confined to whole leaves with direct vascular connectivity to a Liberibacter-infected leaf acquired the pathogen than did psyllids confined to leaves with indirect or partial connectivity to the infected leaf. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, the pathogen was observed in the inner and outer phloem above and below the export leaf, respectively, corresponding with passive movement of Liberibacter in the phloem. Results of this study indicate that the distribution of Liberibacter in potato is at least partly limited by vascular architecture. This knowledge should improve the design of sampling methods to detect Liberibacter in asymptomatic plants.Resumen 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' es un patógeno importante en cultivos de solanáceas que causa la enfermedad de "zebra chip" de la papa. Este patógeno se transmite entre las plantas por el psílido de la papa Bactericera cockerelli. La variabilidad espacial dentro de la planta en la infección por Liberibacter impide la habilidad para detectar la bacteria antes del establecimiento de síntomas visibles. La meta de nuestro estudio fue probar si la arquitectura vascular de la papa explica la distribución desuniforme de Liberibacter después de la inoculación de las hojas. Se usó el movimiento de rodamina B entre hojas para identificar la conectividad vascular entre hojas. Tres semanas después de haber inoculado una hoja con Liberibacter, el patógeno infectó significativamente más folíolos que tuvieron conectividad vascular directa con la hoja inoculada, que folíolos con conectividad mínima. En un estudio aparte, significativamente más psílidos confinados a hojas completas con conectividad vascular directa a una hoja infectada con Liberibacter adquirieron el patógeno, que los confinados a hojas con conectividad indirecta o parcial con la hoja infectada. Mediante el uso de hibridación de inflorescencia in situ, se observó al patógeno en el floema interno y externo, arriba y debajo de la hoja exportadora, respectivamente, lo que correspondió con movimiento pasivo de Liberibacter en el floema. Los resultados de este estudio indican que la distribución de Liberibacter en papa es por lo menos parci...

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“…The most characteristic symptoms of ZC develop in potato tuber and include collapsed stolons, browning of vascular tissue concomitant with necrotic ßecking of internal tissues and streaking of the medullary ray tissues, all of which can affect the entire tuber. Upon tuber frying, these symptoms become more pronounced, and potato chips or fries processed from ZC-affected tubers show very dark blotches, stripes, or streaks, rendering them commercially unacceptable (Munyaneza et al 2007a,b;Secor et al 2009;Crosslin et al 2010;Miles et al 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Liberibacter-Infective Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) Density on Zebra Chip Potato Disease Incidence, Potato Yield, and Tuber Processing Quality

Buchman¹,

Heilman²,

Munyaneza³

2011

jnl. econ. entom.

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In plant pathosystems involving insect vectors, disease spread, incidence, and severity often depend on the density of the vector population and its rate of infectivity with the disease pathogen. The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), has recently been associated with zebra chip (ZC), an emerging and economically important disease of potato in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum," a previously undescribed species of liberibacter has been linked to the disease and is transmitted to potato by B. cockerelli. Experiments were conducted under laboratory and field conditions to determine the impact of B. cockerelli density on ZC incidence, potato yield, and tuber processing quality. Insect densities ranging from one to 25 liberibacter-infective psyllids per plant were used during the experiments. Results showed that a single adult potato psyllid was capable of inoculating liberibacter to potato and causing ZC disease after a 72-h inoculation access period and was as damaging as 25 psyllids per plant. In addition, ZC-diseased plants showed a sharp reduction in tuber yield but the disease response was independent of the density of psyllids. Furthermore, both glucose and sucrose were found to have highly elevated concentrations in ZC-diseased potato tubers compared with noninfected ones and psyllid density did not vary the response. The high reducing sugar concentrations found in ZC-infected potato tubers are believed to be responsible for browning and reduced quality in processed ZC-infected tubers. This information could help ZC-affected potato producers in making effective management decisions for this serious disease.

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Evidence that Cell Death is Associated with Zebra Chip Disease in Potato Tubers

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

Survey and molecular detection of phytoplasmas associated with potato in Romania and southern Russia

Survey and molecular detection of phytoplasmas associated with potato in Romania and southern Russia

Relationship Between Plant Vascular Architecture and Within-Plant Distribution of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ in Potato

Effects of Liberibacter-Infective Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) Density on Zebra Chip Potato Disease Incidence, Potato Yield, and Tuber Processing Quality

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