Evidence Supporting a Zoonotic Origin of Human Coronavirus Strain NL63

Huynh, Jeremy P.; Li, Shimena; Yount, Boyd; Smith, Alexander; Sturges, Leslie; Olsen, John C.; Nagel, Juliet; Johnson, Joshua B.; Agnihothram, Sudhakar; Gates, J. Edward; Frieman, Matthew B.; Baric, Ralph S.; Donaldson, Eric F.

doi:10.1128/jvi.00906-12

Cited by 262 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A number of established human coronaviruses have been circulating in the human population for hundreds of years (36,37). At present, most strains cause only mild respiratory symptoms.…”

Section: Coronavirus Host Range Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Host Range Expansion and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence: Biochemical Mechanisms and Evolutionary Perspectives

Peck¹,

Burch²,

Heise

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Virol.

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Coronaviruses have frequently expanded their host range in recent history, with two events resulting in severe disease outbreaks in human populations. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2003 in Southeast Asia and rapidly spread around the world before it was controlled by public health intervention strategies. The 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak represents another prime example of virus emergence from a zoonotic reservoir. Here, we review the current knowledge of coronavirus cross-species transmission, with particular focus on MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV is still circulating in the human population, and the mechanisms governing its cross-species transmission have been only partially elucidated, highlighting a need for further investigation. We discuss biochemical determinants mediating MERS-CoV host cell permissivity, including virus spike interactions with the MERS-CoV cell surface receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and evolutionary mechanisms that may facilitate host range expansion, including recombination, mutator alleles, and mutational robustness. Understanding these mechanisms can help us better recognize the threat of emergence for currently circulating zoonotic strains.

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“…A number of established human coronaviruses have been circulating in the human population for hundreds of years (36,37). At present, most strains cause only mild respiratory symptoms.…”

Section: Coronavirus Host Range Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Host Range Expansion and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence: Biochemical Mechanisms and Evolutionary Perspectives

Peck¹,

Burch²,

Heise

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Virol.

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“…Huynh et al (2012) recently described alphacoronaviruses from northern American bats that showed 12.9-17.6 % aa distance to HCoV-NL63 in a translated 675 nt fragment partially overlapping with the RdRp sequences generated in our study. Previous detections of alphacoronaviruses in Old World bats showed even lower sequence distances to HCoV-NL63 in the same 675 nt RdRp fragment, exemplified by 11.5 % aa distances of Miniopterus and Nyctalus bat CoVs (Drexler et al, 2010).…”

Section: Dcrc5costamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a sixth HCoV was described, causing illness in at least 49 confirmed cases by 29 May 2013 (WHO, 29 May 2013;Zaki et al, 2012). Close relatives of this betacoronavirus termed MERS-CoV and of HCoV-229E exist in Old World bats and HCoV-NL63 could be grown in immortalized bat cells (Annan et al, 2013;de Groot et al, 2013;Drexler et al, 2010;Huynh et al, 2012;Lau et al, 2005;Pfefferle et al, 2009), demonstrating the zoonotic potential of previously reservoir-bound bat CoVs. The recent description of a bat CoV related to MERS-CoV in Mexican bats (Anthony et al, 2013) emphasized the relevance of investigating neotropical bats for CoVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are only two studies on bat CoVs from the Neotropics, one from Trinidad and Tobago yielding two highly diversified alphacoronaviruses (Carrington et al, 2008) and a recently published second one from Mexico yielding alpha and betacoronaviruses summarized in 13 different clades (Anthony et al, 2013). From the neighbouring temperate northern American areas, additional bat alphacoronavirus clades have been described (Dominguez et al, 2007;Donaldson et al, 2010;Huynh et al, 2012;Misra et al, 2009;Osborne et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly diversified coronaviruses in neotropical bats

Corman

Rasche

Diallo

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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Bats host a broad diversity of coronaviruses (CoVs), including close relatives of human pathogens. There is only limited data on neotropical bat CoVs. We analysed faecal, blood and intestine specimens from 1562 bats sampled in Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador and Brazil for CoVs by broad-range PCR. CoV RNA was detected in 50 bats representing nine different species, both frugivorous and insectivorous. These bat CoVs were unrelated to known human or animal pathogens, indicating an absence of recent zoonotic spill-over events. Based on RNAdependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)-based grouping units (RGUs) as a surrogate for CoV species identification, the 50 viruses represented five different alphacoronavirus RGUs and two betacoronavirus RGUs. Closely related alphacoronaviruses were detected in Carollia perspicillata and C. brevicauda across a geographical distance exceeding 5600 km. Our study expands the knowledge on CoV diversity in neotropical bats and emphasizes the association of distinct CoVs and bat host genera.

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“…While SARS fatality rate was 8%, MERS fatality rate was 36% (by 9th of November 2016, the number of laboratory confirmed infections was 1813 and the number of reported deaths was 645) . Six coronavirus strains were reported to be zoonotic (ie, transmission of infections from animals to humans is possible) . These human coronaviruses were 229E and NL63 (belonging to Alphacoronavirus ) and OC43, HKU1, SARS, and MERS (belonging to Betacoronavirus ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative structure‐activity relationship and molecular docking revealed a potency of anti‐hepatitis C virus drugs against human corona viruses

Elfiky

Mahdy

Elshemey

2017

Journal of Medical Virology

117

108

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A number of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were reported in the last and present centuries. Some outbreaks of which (eg, SARS and MERS CoVs) caused the mortality of hundreds of people worldwide. The problem of finding a potent drug against HCoV strains lies in the inability of finding a drug that stops the viral replication through inhibiting its important proteins. In spite of its limited efficacy and potential side effects, Ribavirin is extensively used as a first choice against HCoVs. Therefore, scientists reverted towards the investigation of different drugs that can more specifically target proteins. In this study, four anti-HCV drugs (one approved by FDA and others under clinical trials) are tested against HCoV polymerases. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and molecular docking are both used to compare the performance of the selected nucleotide inhibitors to their parent nucleotides and Ribavirin. Both QSAR and molecular docking showed that IDX-184 is superior compared to Ribavirin against MERS CoV, a result that was also reported for HCV. MK-0608 showed a performance that is comparable to Ribavirin. We strongly suggest an in vitro study on the potency of these two drugs against MERS CoV.

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Evidence Supporting a Zoonotic Origin of Human Coronavirus Strain NL63

Cited by 262 publications

References 53 publications

Coronavirus Host Range Expansion and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence: Biochemical Mechanisms and Evolutionary Perspectives

Coronavirus Host Range Expansion and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence: Biochemical Mechanisms and Evolutionary Perspectives

Highly diversified coronaviruses in neotropical bats

Quantitative structure‐activity relationship and molecular docking revealed a potency of anti‐hepatitis C virus drugs against human corona viruses

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