Evidence of Xenia in Blueberry

Gupton, C. L.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1997.446.16

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The knowledge of metaxenia is very important for planning commercial plantings of blueberry. According to Gupton, 1997, the time of harvest and the fruit development period has even larger pollen influence than the fruit weight. The phenomenon of xenia as already said can be considered as the effect of pollen on the embryo and endosperm, altering the genetic characteristics and providing qualitative and quantitative changes (ANDRADE; PEREIRA, 2005), these features, manifested in the generation of the parent plant (MERCER et al, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blueberry pollination in southern Brazil and their influence on fruit quality

Silveira¹,

Raseira

Nava

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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-Blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) is a relatively new crop in cultivation under Southern Brazil conditions. The first collection introduced in the area was formed by rabbiteye cultivars which need insect pollinators and also pollinizers. The aim of this work was to observe if there were differences between pollinizers on fruit quality of the commercial cultivar and also to observe the most effective and frequent insect pollinators, under natural conditions. It was concluded that pollen source has an effect on quality of blueberry fruits. Bumblebees are the most efficient pollinators; however the species found in southern Brazil are different from the ones mentioned in the U.S. literature. Index terms: pollinators, metaxenia, rabbiteye blueberry. POLINIZAÇÃO EM MIRTILO NO

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blueberry pollination in southern Brazil and their influence on fruit quality

Silveira¹,

Raseira

Nava

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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“…Many years ago, Swingle (1928) proposed that hormones produced by the seeds are responsible for the changes. Pollinizer effects on some traits were previously demonstrated in almond (Garc ıa-Gusano et al 2005;Gonz alez et al 2005;Sanchez-Perez et al 2012), apple (Ruth & Williams 1983;T oth et al 2005;Bodor et al 2008), blueberry (Gupton 1997;da Silveira et al 2011), chestnut (McKay & Crane 1939, cucumber (Olfati et al 2010), date palm (Swingle 1928;Muhtaseb & Ghanim 2006), grapefruit (Burger 1985), guava (Usman et al 2013), litchi (Degani et al 1995), loquat (Xu et al 2007), pear (Tufts & Hansen 1933;Nyeki 1972), pistachio (Crane & Iwakiri 1980), pecan (Marquard 1988), olive (Farinelli et al 2012), sour cherry (Ansari et al 2010), walnut (Golzari et al 2010) and watermelon (Freeman et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Xenia and metaxenia in grapes: differences in berry and seed characteristics of maternal grape cv. ‘Narince’ (Vitis viniferaL.) as influenced by different pollen sources

Sabır

2014

Plant Biol J

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Literature investigations indicate that the grapes have quite complex fertilisation biology. This complexity necessitates extensive investigations to obtain reliable knowledge for both well-organised hybridisation studies and maximising grape yield. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the influences of self-, free- and cross-pollination on berry and seed characteristics in grape. Five different pollination treatments were applied to 'Narince', the most widely known and popular white wine grape in Turkey. Pollen tests indicated that all the cultivars had satisfactory in vitro pollen viability percentages. Free-pollination produced a significantly higher percentage berry set. Among the pollinizers, the use of pollen of 'Thompson Seedless' and 'Cardinal' varieties resulted in higher berry set percentage in 'Narince'. The free-pollination was also superior in giving the highest weight, length and width of the berry, as well as number of seeds per berry. These findings revealed that there were strong xenial and metaxenial effects in the studied grape cultivars. Among the pollinizer cultivars, the most effective pollinator was 'Thompson Seedless'. Hence, for better berry set and quality, the use of 'Thompson Seedless' as a pollinizer may be an attractive option in both grape production and breeding studies.

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“…There exists a name-reagent, Gold's reagent 134. Remarkably it does not contain the element gold; it is a stoichiometric ␤-dimethylaminomethylenating agent for ketones like 135 (to yield 136) or amines (92,93), Figure 50.…”

Section: Figure 49mentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous catalysis by gold

2004

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A comprehensive overview in the field of homogeneous catalysis by gold is given and the basic principles are discussed. It is also highlighted where homogeneous gold catalysts are already superior to other catalysts and where future possibilities for advantageous use of homogeneous gold catalysts exist.For a long time, gold was considered to possess only low catalytic activity ("catalytically dead") and therefore only its stoichiometric co-ordination and organo-metallic chemistry was investigated intensively. Even in the 19th century it was quite popular to characterize precious alkaloid bases after their troublesome isolation from natural sources as tetrachloroaurates (1,2).Since then, a change of paradigm has taken place (3). Among the numerous applications for gold, its use as a catalyst, albeit not yet consuming large amounts of this metal, has attracted much attention. Overall, in the chemical databases ca. 230,000 papers on gold can be found, of which about 9,000 deal with gold catalysis (from the SciFinder database in October 2003). The field of gold catalysis is dominated by heterogeneous catalysts, while homogeneous catalysts still represent the much smaller part (about 100 hits). Still, a significant amount of different homogeneous gold-catalysed reactions is known and basic principles can be deduced from them.In this article only publications in which gold is unambiguously the site of the catalysis reaction will be covered. This, for example, excludes the use of some mixed metal clusters and mixed metal colloids. BackgroundHomogeneous catalysis includes all reactions in which the substrate(s) and the catalyst are in the same state. As there exists only a limited number of highly volatile gold compounds, most of these reactions are conducted in the liquid phase with either liquid or dissolved substrate(s) and a dissolved catalyst. Homogeneous catalysis in the solid state, a part of the solvent-free reactions (4) that are nowadays quite popular in the field of green chemistry, has not been explored with gold yet (with the exception shown in Figure 31)! In this context, the non-toxicity of gold, which helps to avoid any environmental problems, is also of importance.The catalyst itself promotes a chemical reaction, a process in which chemical compounds (the substrates) are converted to other chemical compounds (the products), to proceed under milder reaction conditions (lower temperatures, lower pressure, lower concentrations of the substrates, higher or different selectivity). As the catalyst is not consumed, a catalytic amount is sufficient -but this is often a matter of debate: for some scientists 20 mol% of 'catalyst' are still catalytic, while others may consider this to be a substoichiometric reaction and accept only 0.001 mol% or less as catalytic.Two motives drive the desire to produce a chemical reaction: The use of gold as a catalyst is desirable when it has a similar activity as for a more expensive catalyst, when it shows a higher activity or a higher selectivity than less expensive catalysts...

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Evidence of Xenia in Blueberry

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Blueberry pollination in southern Brazil and their influence on fruit quality

Blueberry pollination in southern Brazil and their influence on fruit quality

Xenia and metaxenia in grapes: differences in berry and seed characteristics of maternal grape cv. ‘Narince’ (Vitis viniferaL.) as influenced by different pollen sources

Homogeneous catalysis by gold

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