Evidence of widespread effects of ozone on crops and (semi-)natural vegetation in Europe (1990-2006) in relation to AOT40- and flux-based risk maps

Mills, Gina; Hayes, Felicity; Simpson, David; Emberson, Lisa; Norris, David A.; Harmens, Harry; Büker, Patrick

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02217.x

Cited by 275 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…[O 3 ] is correlated with both P/PET and T max because both factors affect the reaction rates of processes that form O 3 . This results in collinearity of predictor variables in the model, which, although it does not affect the ability to predict yield, can incorrectly attribute effects of one predictor to a different predictor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An analysis of ozone damage to historical maize and soybean yields in the United States

McGrath

Betzelberger

Wang

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

127

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Numerous controlled experiments find that elevated ground-level ozone concentrations ([O3]) damage crops and reduce yield. There have been no estimates of the actual yield losses in the field in the United States from [O3], even though such estimates would be valuable for projections of future food production and for cost–benefit analyses of reducing ground-level [O3]. Regression analysis of historical yield, climate, and [O3] data for the United States were used to determine the loss of production due to O3 for maize (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) from 1980 to 2011, showing that over that period production of rain-fed fields of soybean and maize were reduced by roughly 5% and 10%, respectively, costing approximately $9 billion annually. Maize, thought to be inherently resistant to O3, was at least as sensitive as soybean to O3 damage. Overcoming this yield loss with improved emission controls or more tolerant germplasm could substantially increase world food and feed supply at a time when a global yield jump is urgently needed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model was used to predict yield in two conditions: (i) using historical, observed [O 3 ] indices and (ii) a hypothetical situation assuming no ground-level O 3 . The models for soybean and maize accurately predicted historical yields (Fig.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of ozone damage to historical maize and soybean yields in the United States

McGrath

Betzelberger

Wang

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This also allows the uptake of other gases that may not benefit the plant, including ozone, which, as a powerful oxidant, generates free radicals within the apoplast and cell fluids and is responsible for damage to cell metabolism (Mills et al, 2011a). Stomatal opening is controlled by water pressure in the guard cells which the plant regulates depending on the following: light -in general stomata open during the day and close at night; carbon dioxide concentration, with increasing CO 2 above current ambient inducing partial closure; soil water content, with stomata closing in drier soils to reduce water loss; temperature, with an increase in temperature increasing stomatal opening up to a species-specific maxima above which stomatal closing is induced; humidity, with greatest stomatal opening under low vapour pressure deficits and stomatal closing occurring at high vapour pressure deficits to conserve plant water; and phenology, with stomatal conductance reducing as plants age.…”

Section: Role Of Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Ozone holds a certain fascination in atmospheric science. It is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, central to tropospheric oxidation chemistry, yet harmful to human and ecosystem health as well as being an important greenhouse gas. It is not emitted into the atmosphere but is a byproduct of the very oxidation chemistry it largely initiates. Much effort is focused on the reduction of surface levels of ozone owing to its health and vegetation impacts, but recent efforts to achieve reductions in exposure at a country scale have proved difficult to achieve owing to increases in background ozone at the zonal hemispheric scale. There is also a growing realisation that the role of ozone as a short-lived climate pollutant could be important in integrated air quality climate change mitigation. This review examines current understanding of the processes regulating tropospheric ozone at global to local scales from both measurements and models. It takes the view that knowledge across the scales is important for dealing with air quality and climate change in a synergistic manner. The review shows that there remain a number of clear challenges for ozone such as explaining surface trends, incorporating new chemical understanding, ozone-climate coupling, and a better assessment of impacts. There is a clear and present need to treat ozone across the range of scales, a transboundary issue, but with an emphasis on the hemispheric scales. New observational opportunities are offered both by satellites and small sensors that bridge the scales.

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“…The stomatal flux of ozone is calculated at the leaf level at the top of the canopy using the DO 3 SE (Deposition of Ozone for Stomatal Exchange) model which considers the varying effects of plant phenology, climate and soil moisture on stomatal aperture (Emberson et al, 2000;Mills et al, 2011a, b). The flux method is considered to be more biologically relevant than concentration-based methods (CLRTAP, 2017;Mills et al, 2011a, b), and provides a better fit to field evidence of effects (Braun et al, 2014;Mills et al, 2011a). Currently, the TOAR database only contains ozone metrics based on ambient observations, and thus it is not possible to include global maps of the stomatal uptake of ozone in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day tropospheric ozone distribution and trends relevant to vegetation

Mills

Pleijel

Malley

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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271

182

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This Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) on the current state of knowledge of ozone metrics of relevance to vegetation (TOAR-Vegetation) reports on present-day global distribution of ozone at over 3300 vegetated sites and the long-term trends at nearly 1200 sites.TOAR-Vegetationfocusses on three metrics over vegetation-relevant time-periods across major world climatic zones: M12, the mean ozone during 08:00–19:59; AOT40, the accumulation of hourly mean ozone values over 40 ppb during daylight hours, and W126 with stronger weighting to higher hourly mean values, accumulated during 08:00–19:59.Although the density of measurement stations is highly variable across regions, in general, the highest ozone values (mean, 2010–14) are in mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, including southern USA, the Mediterranean basin, northern India, north, north-west and east China, the Republic of Korea and Japan. The lowest metric values reported are in Australia, New Zealand, southern parts of South America and some northern parts of Europe, Canada and the USA. Regional-scale assessments showed, for example, significantly higher AOT40 and W126 values in East Asia (EAS) than Europe (EUR) in wheat growing areas (p< 0.05), but not in rice growing areas. In NAM, the dominant trend during 1995–2014 was a significant decrease in ozone, whilst in EUR it was no change and in EAS it was a significant increase.TOAR-Vegetation provides recommendations to facilitate a more complete global assessment of ozone impacts on vegetation in the future, including: an increase in monitoring of ozone and collation of field evidence of the damaging effects on vegetation; an investigation of the effects on peri-urban agriculture and in mountain/upland areas; inclusion of additional pollutant, meteorological and inlet height data in the TOAR dataset; where not already in existence, establishing new region-specific thresholds for vegetation damage and an innovative integration of observations and modelling including stomatal uptake of the pollutant.

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Evidence of widespread effects of ozone on crops and (semi-)natural vegetation in Europe (1990-2006) in relation to AOT40- and flux-based risk maps

Cited by 275 publications

References 81 publications

An analysis of ozone damage to historical maize and soybean yields in the United States

An analysis of ozone damage to historical maize and soybean yields in the United States

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day tropospheric ozone distribution and trends relevant to vegetation

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