Evidence of the sternalis muscle in two South African cadavers

Davimes, Joshua G.; Bacci, Nicholas; Mazengenya, Pedzisai

doi:10.1007/s00276-018-2058-5

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The sternalis muscle occupies position between the superficial fascia and the pectoral fascia [40]. Different variants of the sternalis muscle were described in medical literature [2, 32, 40, 41]. In our study we found one case of unilateral presence of the sternalis muscle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Our case may be classified as a “simple type” according to Snosek et al [40] classification system. Davimes et al [41] suggest that the sternalis muscle may be misinterpreted as a “pathological mass or lesion”; thus clinicians should be aware of this variation during diagnostic procedures. There were also described cases of “duplicity” of the PM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Major Muscle: Notes on Their Impact on Pectoral Nerve Innervation Patterns and Discussion on Their Clinical Relevance

Haładaj

Wysiadecki

Clarke

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Background. The presented study attempts to classify individual anatomical variants of the pectoralis major muscle (PM), including rare and unusual findings. Rare cases of muscular anomalies involving the PM or its tendon have been presented. An attempt has also been made to determine whether anatomical variations of the PM may affect the innervation pattern of the lateral and medial pectoral nerves. Material and Methods. The research was carried out on 40 cadavers of both sexes (22 males, 18 females), owing to which 80 PM specimens were examined. Results. Typical PM structure was observed in 63.75% of specimens. The most frequently observed variation was a separate clavicular portion of the PM. In one female cadaver (2.5% of specimens) the hypotrophy of the clavicular portion of the PM was noticed. In two male cadavers (5% of specimens) the fusion between the clavicular portion of the PM and the deltoid muscle was observed. In one of those cadavers, small sub-branches of the lateral pectoral nerve bilaterally joined the clavicular portion of the deltoid muscle. The detailed intramuscular distribution of certain nerve sub-branches was visualized by Sihler’s stain. PM is mainly innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve. In all specimens stained by Sihler’s technique, the contribution of the intercostal nerves in PM innervation was confirmed. Conclusions. Surgeons should be aware of anatomic variations of the PM both in planning and in conducting surgeries of the pectoral region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Major Muscle: Notes on Their Impact on Pectoral Nerve Innervation Patterns and Discussion on Their Clinical Relevance

Haładaj

Wysiadecki

Clarke

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…Of the articles included, four (18.18%) were randomized studies [1,5,6,11] 12 (54.54%) were case reports [2,3,[7][8][9][10][12][13][14]17,18,20],…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sternalis Muscle: A Case Report and Literature Review

Chinelatto,

Hojaij,

Carvalho

et al. 2023

Int J Cadaver Stud Ant Var

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Introduction and Objective: The sternal muscle is a rare anatomical variation found in the anterior chest wall. This study's objective was to make a narrative review of the anatomical and epidemiological aspects of the sternal muscle, as well as to present its finding in one of this group’s dissections. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of a literature review using Pubmed and LILACS platforms. Articles were analyzed regarding incidence, laterality, action, innervation, and vascularization of the sternal muscle. We also present a case report based on a cadaveric dissection of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP). Results: Our review included 22 articles. The anatomical variation incidence ranged from 1.96% to 5.55%, with a higher predominance of a bilateral presentation. The action of the sternal muscle is predominantly accessory and there are divergences in the literature regarding its innervation and vascularization. Our case reports the finding of a unilateral sternal muscle in the left paramedian line inserted in both sternocleidomastoid muscles, in a female patient. Conclusion: The sternal muscle has a small incidence in the population and it is usually bilateral. The anatomical knowledge of this muscle is important to prevent it from being confused with other structures commonly found in the chest and cervical region. Significance/Implication: The importance of sternal muscle importance cannot be overlooked due to possible misinterpretations in imaging and its possible influence on mastectomies. Wider case series are necessary for a better definition of its irrigation and innervation.

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“…Studies based on various imaging modalities and surgical procedures showed a prevalence of 0.6%, yet, mammographs showed a prevalence of 0.02%, while studies using multi-detector CT showed 6.4% prevalence. As to complete the literature review until 2020, we have summarized the published data related to the prevalence of SM in populations since 2014 (Table 5) [6,13,[24][25][26][27], in our review we have used pubmed and google scholar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sternalis muscle in jordanian population: a prevalence study and level of physicians’ awareness

2020

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Sternalis muscle (SM) is an anatomical variant that lies parallel to the sternum. It is present in (8%) of human population. Awareness about its presence during thoracic imaging is important, since it might be misdiagnosed as a tumor. This study is the first that discusses the prevalence of SM in the Jordanian population and document the level of awareness about SM among intern doctors and surgery and radiology residents. Our aims are to know the prevalence of SM in the Jordanian population, using thoracic multi-detector computerized tomography (CT) images, and to assess the awareness about SM among a sample of intern and resident Jordanian physicians. Random anonymous axial thoracic multi-detector CT images of 1,709 (801 females and 908 males) Jordanian patients, were examined for the presence or absence of unilateral and/ or bilateral SM. A questionnaire aiming to identify SM was distributed among 175 intern doctors, 26 surgery resident and 28 radiology resident doctors, their answers were summarized. The prevalence of SM among Jordanians is 5.9%. The prevalence of unilateral SM is 2.1% on the right side of the thorax and 1.9% on the left side, bilateral prevalence was 1.8%. While 35.7% of the radiology residents could identify SM using CT and/or anatomy images, only 3.9% of surgery residents and none of the intern doctors could. We concluded that SM is present in the Jordanian population, with a prevalence of 5.9% which falls within the global average. Intern doctors and surgery and radiology residents are almost unaware and unfamiliar about SM.

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Evidence of the sternalis muscle in two South African cadavers

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Major Muscle: Notes on Their Impact on Pectoral Nerve Innervation Patterns and Discussion on Their Clinical Relevance

Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Major Muscle: Notes on Their Impact on Pectoral Nerve Innervation Patterns and Discussion on Their Clinical Relevance

Sternalis Muscle: A Case Report and Literature Review

Sternalis muscle in jordanian population: a prevalence study and level of physicians’ awareness

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