Evidence of the Public–Private Wage Gap for Brazil in the Period from 2008 to 2016

An Empirical Investigation of the Determinants of Wage Differentials in Namibia

“…These study findings are not startling, since government (employment) sector in Namibia constitutes of employees who are more skilled and more educated at non-entry level job posts in order to meet international standards and be comparable to other nations. This finding agrees with Cardozo & Cunha (2019), who concluded that public (government) sector workers were paid higher compared to private sector workers.…”

Union Membership and Wage Gap between Public and Private Sectors: Evidence from China

“…The issue of the wage gap between the public and private sectors is a hot topic for both developed and emerging market economies (Cardozo and Cunha 2019;Gindling et al 2020;Ma and Li 2022;Maria and Christofides 2020;Sławinska 2020). Numerous studies have argued that because the public sector (e.g., state-owned enterprises [SOEs]) is usually supported by the government and can easily become a monopoly sector that may obtain a higher monopoly or political rent (Iwasaki et al 2022;Lin et al 2020;Vishny 1994, 1997), the public sector can set a higher wage level than that in the private sector, which leads to a wage gap between the two sectors.…”

“…Many countries have aimed to reduce the wage gap between the public and private sectors, yet it persists worldwide (Cardozo and Cunha 2019;Gindling et al 2020;Ma and Li 2022;Maria and Christofides 2020;Sławinska 2020). Using wage decomposition methods, Chen et al (2005), Zhang and Xue (2008), Ye et al (2011), Demurger et al (2012), Zhang (2012), Ma (2018), and Ma and Li (2022) found that differences in workers' endowment (e.g., education) and wage-setting systems (e.g., return to education or work experience) generate a wage gap between the public and private sectors.…”